Vocab
Industrial Revolution
Movement from farms and handmade products to factories and factory made products
A scottish engineer who improved the engine on the Newcomen's invention
James Watt
form of socialism in which class struggle was inevitable and would lead to the creation of a classless society in which all wealth and property would be owned by the community as a whole.
Communism
Urbanization
movement of people from rural areas to cities
Robert Koch
German doctor who identifies the bacterium that causes tuberculosis
Anesthetic
A drug that prevents pain throughout surgery
Invented the cotton gin
Eli Whitney
system in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all businesses.
Socialism
Industrial Revolution
Movement from farms and handmade products to factories and factory made products
Joseph Lister
English surgeon who invented antiseptics to prevent infection
Enclosure
The process of taking over and consolidating, or combining, lands formerly shared by peasant farmers.
laissez-faire thinker who thought poverty was unavoidable because the population was increasing faster than the food supply
Thomas Malthus
idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
Utilitarianism
Social mobility
the ability to move in social class
Louis Pasteur
French chemist who invented pasteurization.
Putting-out system
Raw cotton was distributed to peasant families and then turned into thread and woven into cloth in their own homes.
Communist thinker, thinks everyone should have equal pay and land
Karl Marx
the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals
Social Darwinism
Corporations
businesses that are owned by investors who buy shares of stock
Guglielmo Marconi
Invented the radio
Turnpikes
Private roads built by entrepreneurs who charged travelers tolls to use them
British nurse who introduced sanitation in hospitals
Florence Nightingale
Trans formative change in a government
Radicalism
Germ Theory
Certain microbes may be the cause of specific infectious diseases
Standard of living
measures the quality and availability of necessities and comfort in society