Athens
What kind of government did Athens have around 500 BC?
Democracy
What kind of government did Sparta have?
Oligarchy
Alexander the Great was from which kingdom north of Greece?
Macedonia
Which two city-states fought together against Persia?
Athens and Sparta
What is another word for a Greek city-state?
Polis
In Athens, who was allowed to vote in the assembly?
Free men who were citizens
What group made most of the decisions in Sparta’s government?
Council of Elders
How old was Alexander when he became king?
20 years old
What wars were fought between Greece and Persia from 499–479 BC?
The Persian Wars
What does the word “discipline” mean, and why was it important in Sparta?
Training to follow rules; it made Spartans strong and obedient.
What word describes a government where citizens vote directly on laws instead of electing leaders?
Direct Democracy
What were enslaved people in Sparta called?
Helots
How many continents did Alexander’s empire cover?
Three (Europe, Asia, Africa)
What wars were fought between Athens and Sparta from 431–404 BC?
The Peloponnesian Wars
What is the idea that even leaders must follow the laws?
Rule of Law
What was the main meeting place in Athens where laws were debated and voted on?
The Assembly
At what age did Spartan boys begin military training?
Age 7
What word means “Greek-like” and describes the culture that spread through Alexander’s empire?
Hellenistic
Who won the Peloponnesian Wars?
Sparta
What was one way geography affected Athens?
Its location near the sea promoted trade and travel.
What are two things Athens valued most in its society?
Education and the arts (also democracy and trade)
Name two differences between the daily lives of men and women in Sparta.
Men trained for war; women ran the household, owned property, and raised strong children.
How did Alexander’s empire help trade and markets grow?
It united regions under one system of money and opened new trade routes.
What effect did the Peloponnesian Wars have on Greece?
It weakened Greece, making it easier for Macedonia to take over.
What is the lasting legacy of Ancient Greece seen in our world today?
Democracy, architecture, philosophy, and government ideas.