Phonation 1
the opening between the vocal folds is called the:
glottis
voiceless sounds are produced by __________ while voiced sounds are produced by ______________.
turbulence of airflow; the vibration of the vocal folds
What is the part of the Thyroid that forms the Adam's apple?
the laryngeal prominence/angle
the primary function of the epiglottis is to:
What is the primary, biological function of the larynx?
biological: to protect the lower airway
(speech-related: phonation)
when the vocal folds are together and producing vibrations, this is called vocal fold ____________.
vocal fold adduction. (ADD together)
(vocal fold abduction is what happens during normal breathing and voiceless sounds)
which muscle contracts to tilt the thyroid forward and stretch the vocal folds, causing the vibration frequency (pitch) to increase?
cricothyroid (see animation on lesson 4-1 Anaquest)
The cricoid cartilage is shaped like a __________.
signet ring, from the lateral view.
(the side that arches up is the posterior portion)
The glottis is connected to the tongue root, which creates 3 ____________.
glosso-epiglottic folds: 1 median (in the middle) and 2 lateral (1 on each side)
Name the 3 paired cartilages and the 3 unpaired cartilages
Corniculate, Arytenoids, Cuneiform (CAC) paired
Thyroid, Epiglottis, Cricoid (TEC) unpaired
Explain what biaxial means and which structure fits under that category.
the arytenoids move in two ways- they tilt up and down, and forward and backwards.
which muscle abducts the vocal folds?
posterior cricoarytenoids rotate the arytenoids forward, causing vocal folds to separate.
(the lateral cricoarytenoids help to adduct but aren't the only adductors)
Which structure is the name of the largest,
shield-shaped cartilage that protects and supports
most of the laryngeal wall?
Thyroid cartilage
the epiglottis is connected to the _____, _____, and _____.
thyroid, hyoid bone, and tongue
Name the 4 structures essential for phonation:
vocal folds, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilages
Explain condensation and rarefaction.
Describes movement of air molecules being pushed together and separated.
As the vocal folds close and push air out (condensation), they compress the air in front of them. This forms a high-pressure zone that moves outward from the vocal tract.
When the vocal folds open (rarefaction), air flows more freely, creating a low-pressure zone behind the previous compression. This rarefaction also travels outward.
which muscles connect from the notch of the thyroid cartilage to the muscular process of the arytenoids?
thyromuscularis
Name 5 parts of the thyroid cartilage.
Options: *superior thyroid notch, *superior horns, *laryngeal prominence, *inferior horns,*facet for the cricoid (on inferior horn)
true or false: a functioning glottis works to cover the airway to prevent penetration/aspiration (food going down into the airway)
False- the EPIGLOTTIS does this. The glottis is the _______.
the cricoid and the thyroid work together to_______ via the _________ muscle.
Stretching and lengthening the vocal folds.
cricothyroid muscle contracts= pitch is raised because thyroid is tilted forward and stretches folds
cricothyroid muscle relaxes= pitch is lowered and thyroid returns to resting state
the vocal folds are anteriorly attached to the _________ and posteriorly attached to the __________.
BONUS: what muscles are the vocal folds?
inner part of the thyroid cartilage, just below the notch; arytenoid cartilages at the vocal process.
4.2, slide 12
animation on page 15 of Anaquest 4-1
(thyroarytenoid; thyrovocalis muscles are the main body)
which muscles work together to adduct the vocal folds?
the cricoid has facets that connect to the ________ and the _________.
thyroid (via the cricothyroid joint) and the arytenoids (cricoarytenoid joint)
Name the ligaments that attach to the thyroid, hyoid, and tongue root.
thyroepiglottic ligament
hyoepiglottic ligament
glossoepiglottic ligament
Put these structures in order from top to bottom anatomically: hyoid bone, arytenoid cartilages, cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilages, corniculate cartilages, trachea
hyoid, thyroid, (corniculates, arytenoids), cricoid, trachea. (HTACT)