Chapter 4

4.1; Bone as a living Tissue

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This is the name of the strong, dense bone tissue

Cortical

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This is the term for blood cell formation

Hematopoiesis

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This is the name of the shaft of a long bone, and the name of the bulbous end of a long bone.

Diaphysis; Epiphysis

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These are the four shape categories that bones can form

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular

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This is the specialized bone cell designed to build new bone tissue

Osteoblast

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These are the 5 functions of the skeletal system

Support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation

4.2; The Axial Skeleton

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This spinal region includes the vertebrae of the neck

Cervical Region

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This spinal region connects to the ribs

Thoracic Region

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This condition causes a lateral curvature of the spine

Scoliosis

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These are the 3 parts of the axial skeleton

Head and trunk (Skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage)

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These are the parts that make up the thoracic cage

Ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum

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This is why we consider ribs to be "false" ribs

They do not attach directly to the sternum.

4.3; The Appendicular Skeleton

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These are the structures that make up the appendicular skeleton

Arms and Legs

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This is the longest, strongest bone in the body

Femur

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This is the number of bones in each wrist and hand

27

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This bone is always on the "little finger" side of the forearm

Ulna

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This is the name for the heel bone

Calcaneus

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This is the term for the prominent, upper edge of the hip bone

Iliac crest (Ilium)

4.4 Joints

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This is an example of immovable joints

Sutures of the skull

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This connects bones to bones

Ligaments

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This connects muscles to bone

Tendon

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This is another term for a freely moveable joint

Diarthrosis (synovial joint)

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This is the largest joint in the body

Knee

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These are the functions of articular cartilage

Cushions the Joint, Reduces Wear and Tear, Reduces Friction

4.5 Injuries and Disorders of the Skeleton

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This is the term for a fracture that protrudes from the skin

Compound fracture

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This is the type of fracture that is more common in children than adults

Greenstick Fracture

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This type of fracture is described as tiny, painful cracks in a bone that result from overuse

Stress Fractures

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An injury to this can stop the growth of a long bone

Epiphyseal Plate

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This fracture occurs when a strong muscle or tendon pulls a small piece of bone away from its attachment

Avulsion Fracture

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This is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's own immune system attacks healthy joint tissues

Rheumatoid Arthritis