Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
More Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
Atmospheric Moisture
More Atmospheric Moisture
Clouds
Atmospheric Stability
100
4 forces that affect the movement of the air.
PGF
CF
Centripetal force
Friction
100
why does the wind blow
Differences in temperature lead to differences in
pressure, which give rise to the PGF
100
How to change the dew point temperature
Increase the amount of water vapor in the air.
100
__________: Energy absorbed or released during a change of state.
Latent heat
100
_____________- the height at
which the ascending parcel has cooled
(adiabatically) to its dew point temperature.
LCL
100
If a parcel is lifted upward, and the
parcel is warmer than its surroundings, it
is _______ dense and will _____ and move
______ from its original position. This parcel is ______.
more, less, rise, sink, away, towards, unstable, stable
less, rise, away, unstable
200
Find the trough and ridge. where is zonal and meridional flow.
200
Air above a low is __________, while air above a high is _________.
warm; cold
200
How does temperature impact relative humidity?
As temperature increases, it is able to hold more water vapor, and thus relative humidity decreases if the dew point stays the same.
200
When is the RH highest and lowest during the day?
early morning - highest
evening - lowest
200
Name the prefix/name for high, middle, and low clouds, and clouds of vertical development. What is the prefix for a cloud that produces rain?
high = Cirrus/cirro
middle = alto
low = stratus
Vert. Development = cumulus
rain = nimbus
200
If a parcel is lifted upward, and the
parcel is colder than its new
surroundings, it is _____ dense and will
_______ to its original level. This parcel is _________.
more, less, rise, sink, away, towards, unstable, stable
more, sink, stable
300
High heights indicate a ________ dense atmosphere and low heights indicate a _______ dense atmosphere on a 500mb heights map.
less, more
300
How are temperature, pressure, and density related (equation). What is this called?
ideal gas law
p=ρRT
300
If a dry parcel has a temperature of 35C and a dew point of 15C at the surface, what temperature will it be at 3000 m? What level is the LCL?
9C, 2000m
300
_________: condition whereby the level of water vapor is the maximum possible at the existing temperature and pressure. condensation and evaporation are ________.
saturation; equal
300
What cloud is this?
cumulonimbus
300
For an absolutely stable atmosphere:
- The ELR is less than ___________ C/km
For an absolutely unstable atmosphere
- The ELR is greater than ___________ C/km
For a conditionally unstable atmosphere
-The ELR is between _______ and _______ C/km
6 C/km, 10C/km, 6C/km and 10C/Km
400
______ force is required for the wind to start to blow. As winds increase, the _________ force also increases. This force is based on _________ and __________. For _________ flow, the _______ and ________ are in balance.
pressure gradient; Coriolis; latitude and velocity; geostrophic; PGF and Coriolis Force
400
sketch the balance for PGF and Coriolis force for geostrophic flow between close together and spaced apart height contours. (I will draw height contours on the board if needed to get started)
on board :)
400
What is the specific humidity if the total mass of the air is 1kg in a room with 5m^3 of air and the air contains 100g of water vapor.
0.1g/kg
400
Compute the dew point depression for these two stations:
1) T=60F, Td = 30F, P = 1013, Wind = 15kts SW
2) T=70F, Td = 60F, P = 998, Wind = 5kts NW
1) = 30F
2) = 10F
400
what cloud is this?
altostratus
400
What stability is this?
absolutely unstable.
500
Name the constant pressure surfaces and what they depict. (4) (Not surface)
850 mb
Moisture Transport
500 mb
“Steering” Flow,
troughs and ridges (vorticity)
300/250 mb
Jet Stream
Divergence
200 mb
Tropopause
500
Draw high- and low-pressure circulations at the surface and aloft. note weather air is converging or diverging. Are the winds cyclonic or anticyclonic?
on board :)
500
List and define the 4 types of fog.
Advection Fog: warm, moist air moves horizontally
(advects) over a cool surface.
Upslope Fog: moist air flows up an orographic barrier
Evaporation Fog: Warm moist surface provides enough moisture to saturate a dry air parcel; short lived
Radiation fog: ground cools through conduction and
radiation; ground fog
500
Name the MALR, DALR, and ELR. How does the ELR differ from the MALR and DALR?
MALR = 6 C/km
DALR = 10 C/km
ELR ~ 6.5 C/km - not a parcel lapse rate, just the temperature change we would feel as we climbed a mountain.
500
what cloud is this?
lenticular
500
What stability is this?
absolutely stable