Anatomy
What is the name of the tiny bundle of neurons in the hypothalamus that receives signals from ganglion cells about light, sends signals to the pineal gland, and helps the brain determine where we should be in our sleep/wake cycles?
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
What type of waves do REM waves look like?
Beta Waves
What is it called when you are in a dream and you know you are in a dream?
Lucid Dreaming
Each sleep cycle is approximately how many minutes?
90 minutes
Which sleep disorder is characterized by a random onset of REM sleep while awake.
Narcolepsy
Which gland secretes melatonin to induce sleep
Pineal Gland
What waves are occurring when we are slightly drowsy?
Alpha Waves
The point at which when you are almost awake but not quite is called what?
Approximately how much time is spend in REM sleep during a given night?
2 hours
Which stage of sleep do night terrors occur in?
N3 (stage 4) sleep
Which part of the brain receives visual, auditory, tactile, and taste information and sends it to the sensory cortex lobes and the reticular formation?
The Thalamus
What is the name of the high amplitude, low frequency wave that is associated with memory and intelligence and occurs during n2 sleep?
K-Complex
What is it called when someone starts to hallucinate when drifting off?
Hypnagogic Hallucinations
Approximately how much of REM occurs in your last hour of sleep?
almost half
Which sleep disorder is categorized by experiencing random thoughts, primarily happens in young children, and is generally known as "sleep walking"?
Somnambulism
Which part of the brain receives sensory signals (such as light) from the thalamus and sends signals to the neocortex for high level processing?
The Reticular Formation
Which waves occur during n3 sleep?
Delta Waves
The signals that go from your muscles to your brain about your inability to move during REM is called what?
Proprioceptive Feedback
Generally, the elderly spend most of their time in which two sleep stages?
N3 (Stages 3 and 4)
Which sleep disorder is associated with obesity, can occur hundreds of times per night, and reduces oxygen going to the brain?
Sleep Apnia
What type of cells transfer signals about light to the SCN?
Ganglion Cells
What are the waves categorized by bursts of high frequencies that occur in N2 sleep?
Sleep Spindles
Body temperature is at it's lowest during what time of day?
4-5 in the morning
Newborns spend about what percent of their sleeping time (18-20 hours), in REM?
70%
What two neurotransmitters are involved in making sure the body becomes paralyzed in REM sleep, and if they are blocked, can cause REM Sleep Disorder?
Glycine and GABA