What is Consciousness?
Describes our awareness of internal and external stimuli
Sleep is distinguished by...?
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is characterized by darting movements of the eys under closed eyelids. Non-REM (NREM) sleep is subdivided into three stages distinguished from each other and wakefulness by characteristic patters of brain waves.
BLANK, a consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep; its the most common of the sleep disorders
Insomnia
What is the difference between physical dependence and psychological dependence?
Physical dependence involves changes in normal bodily functions-the user will experience withdrawal from the drug upon cessation of use. Psychological dependence has an emotional need for the drug and may use the drug to relieve psychological distress.
If someone stays awake for 48 consecutive hours, they could start to...?
Hallucinate
Evolutionary psychology is ...?
Studies how universal patters of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time as a result of natural selection.
Difference between Manifest and Latent Content
Sleep apnea is defined by episodes during which the sleeper's breathing stops (can last 10-20 seconds or longer). Sleep apnea is more common in BLANK people and is associated with BLANK.
overweight people and loud snoring
Tolerance can cause the user to (increase or decrease) the amount of drug used to a dangerous level.
Increase
For ages 1-2, what is the recommended amount of sleep? (how many hours)
11-14 hours
Pineal and Pituitary
3
Narcolepsy is treated using psychomotor stimulant drugs, such as amphetamines. These drugs promote...
Increase levels of neural activity
What are the effects stimulants has on the body?
What may cause disruption of sleep?
Jet lag, Insomnia, Rotating shift work
Sleep-wake cycles seem to be controlled by multiple brain areas acting in conjunction with one another. Some of these areas include...?
The thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the pons
When do the NREM stages of sleep occur?
Stage 1 sleep = Between wakefulness and sleep
Stage 2 sleep = body goes into a state of deep relaxation
Stage 3 sleep= Deep sleep
Some risk factors associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) include...
premature birth, smoking within the home, and hypothermia
BLANK is a stimulant drug. High blood levels of BLANK can result in insomnia, agitation, muscle twitching, nausea, irregular heartbeat, and even death. (one answer)
Caffeine
Consequences of sleep debt include
Decrease level of alertness and mental efficiency
A few benefits of an adequate amount of sleep are?
Maintaining healthy weight, lowering stress levels, improving mood, and increasing motor coordination, as well as some benefits related to cognition and memory formation.
What types of waves correspond to each stage in NREM?
Stage 1 Alpha (Alpha and/or Theta; Alpha goes to Theta)
Stage 2 = Theta
Stage 3= Delta
Some claim that sleepwalking and talking in your sleep involve individuals acting out their dreams. Why is this particular explanation unlikely?
Dreaming occurs in REM sleep; their eyes are open. Due to this, the individual becomes paralyzed and is unable to move. Since the muscles aren’t able to move, this disallows the body the ability to dream.
What are the four classes of drugs?
Stimulants, Sedative- Hypnotics ("depressants"), Opiates, and Hallucinogens.