HIV
A condition representative of altered host defense. It is a secondary immunodeficiency caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
What is AIDS?
•Antiretroviral therapy (ART) meds end in “Vir”
what are the goals ?
–Suppress viral load
–Restore or preserve immune function
–Reduce morbidity and mortality
2-3 drugs combined
Difficulty breathing, Skin flushing and itching,
–Angioedema and hypotension
Anaphylaxis
Rx SLE
–Anti-inflammatories-NSAID, Glucocorticoids
–Disease-modifying anti-rheumatoid (DMARD)
–Methotrexate
–Immunosuppressants-Hydroxychloroqine
–significant risk of adverse effects from the treatments themselves,
Bacterial cell walls, when exposed to a Gram stain in the lab, become either dark blue or red (when counterstained). Bacterial cell walls that preserve the stain and turn dark blue gram-positive. Staph Aureus strep PNA and C Diff
what are Staph Aureus strep PNA and C Diff?
The time period between initial infection and symptom development for HIV is typically how long ?
2 to 4 weeks but can extend to a period of several months
Antiretroviral medications as post exposure prophylaxis for health care workers are started within ____ hours of exposure:
Within 72 hours
drugs used to treat Anaphylactic reactions
Benadryl, Dexamethasone, Epinephrine
•Often occurs in Rh-negative mothers exposed to fetal Rh-positive antigen
•Frist pregnancy not a problem, esp if not prenatal care
•Antibodies against the Rh antigen (anti-D) attack red blood cells causing hemolysis
more resistant to phagocytosis or antibody destruction. test indicates a pathogenic strain of staphylococcal bacteria that should be treated aggressively
A coagulase-positive test coagulation (clotting) in the blood
Cancer associated with AIDS?
What is Kaposi Sarcoma?
Genetic engineering: DNA technology
–Clinical trials using stem cells are under way in patients with a variety of disorders having an autoimmune component, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, and multiple sclerosis
A genetic or familial tendency combined with hormonal and environmental influences . considered to be autoimmune...butterfly rash
What is SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus)
MDRO
organisms are resistant to multiple drugs
•Respiratory droplet transmission
common cold
AIDS opportunistic infections include
What is fungal (Candida), CMV (cytomegalovirus) and Pneumocystis –jiroveci pneumonia?
•Exaggerated systemic immune response due to a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
What is Anaphylaxis? Most commonly caused by insect bites (bees) Food and drug allergies
Signs and SX SLE
•Joint pain and swelling
Skin rashes
•Fatigue
•Pericardial and pleural effusion (swelling around the heart)
Virulence
–Virulence-viral load, how strong
negative pressure room, droplet precautions
•Most prevalent and deadly infection disease worldwide
What is TB?
•Diagnosis of HIV infection is made by the detection of the presence of HIV antibodies. A screening test known as immunoassay detects?
the HIV antibody. Elisa and Western Blot
Anaphylactic reaction
•Antigen exposure stimulates an IgE-mediated response in a previously sensitized individual
SLE clinical manifestations
•Butterfly rash over cheeks
•Red, raised, discoid (round) rash, sometimes with scaling or plugged follicles
•Sensitivity to the sun resulting in rash (photosensitivity)
•Arthritis, associated with tenderness, swelling, or fluid buildup (as seen in RA) in at least two peripheral joints
infection arises in addition to one that is already present.
what is –Superinfection-
Signs and sx UTI
•Dysuria
•Urgency
•Frequency
•Hematuria
•Cloudy (purulent) urine