The caregiver either provides a sense of security and some control over the environment for the child or the caregiver does not respond to the child's needs.
What is trust versus mistrust?
100
The pinnacle of the pyramid.
What is self-actualization?
100
Children actively build upon their knowledge from firsthand experiences in a stimulating environment.
What is constructivism?
100
The belief that children learn from social interaction within a cultural context.
What is the sociocultural theory?
100
This psychologist trained rats to press a lever by rewarding them with food.
Who is B.F. Skinner?
200
The caregiver provides choices and allows the child to do as much for themselves as possible.
What is autonomy?
200
Arriving at school with food in your belly, rested and dressed properly.
What are physical needs?
200
The organization of mental structures people use to think or guide behavior; the structures develop and change with experience.
What is scheme or schema?
200
The distance between the actual developmental level an individual has achieved and the level of potential development she could achieve with adult guidance.
What is the zone of proximal development?
200
A reward or pleasant consequence that follows a behavior, causing that behavior to be repeated.
What is a positive reinforcement?
300
When a child shows joy at their new found accomplishments. The classroom and daily schedule allow children to do for themselves.
What is initiative?
300
Not being fearful of gang violence or being beat up while at school.
What is psychological safety and security?
300
Three year old Veronica has a German Shepherd named Darby. When Veronica meets the Labrador next door, she also says, "Darby." Mother says, "no, this is a different doggy."
What is assimilation?
300
When cooking with a child for the first time, you help them read the recipe, you give them reminders to pre-heat the oven, you hold the measuring cup as they pour the milk.
What is scaffolding?
300
An unpleasant consequence that stops or decreases the frequency of a behavior.
What is punishment?
400
Two groups of children are working on subtraction problems. One group works feverishly, arguing over the correct answers and giving each other high-fives. The other group is quieter and appears frustrated and unsure. Looking over at the others, Max says, "We are the dumb group. We'll never do good in math."
What is inferiority?
400
Physical Needs and Psychological Safety make up what category of needs?
What is Basic Needs?
400
Veronica knows what dogs are. She then goes to a petting zoo and meets a pony. She automatically says, "doggy." Her mother says, "this animal has four legs, but he is much bigger and says 'neigh' instead of "bow-wow."
What is accommodation?
400
Pretend play in small groups is especially valuable for promoting _________ because it is the one activity that requires children to regulate their own behavior, be regulated by others and regulate others all within the same context.
What is self-regulation?
400
When three year old Lola's scribbles begin to look like a circle or a straight line, her teacher says, "Oh, look, Lola, you made an O like in your name."
What is Successive Approximations?
500
The eight stage theory of personal and social development in which at each stage of life an individual confronts a major challenge or crisis.
What is Erikson's Psychosocial Theory of Human Development?
500
Work that is meaningful, playful, rewarding and contributing to a better world.
What is a career working with young children?
500
Piaget may have underestimated children's abilities, some educators focus on what children can not do instead of what they can do.
What are criticisms of Piaget's theory?
500
An early intervention specialist would work with the parents and teacher to build self-regulation; they break tasks into smaller parts so the child can feel successful; they prompt the child to use private speech.
What is Promoting Self-Regulation in Children with ADHD?
500
What theory builds on the work of behavorism and bridges the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theory?