Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table
Electrons that have the highest energy
What are valence electrons?
An atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge.
What is an ion?
The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons.
Double: What types of elements form this bond?
Double: 2 nonmetals
An attraction between a positive metal ion and the electrons surrounding it.
What is a metallic bond?
NaS
Sodium Sulfide
The force of attraction that holds atoms together as a result of the rearrangement of electrons between atoms.
The attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions.
Double: What types of elements does this attraction happen between?
What is an ionic bond?
Double: a metal and a nonmetal
When 2 atoms share 2 pairs of electrons.
What is a double bond?
A mixture of 2 or more elements, at least 1 of which is a metal.
Double: Name one of these.
What is an alloy?
Double: Steel
CaCl2
Calcium Chloride
What is an electron dot diagram or Lewis dot structure?
When a neutral atom loses valence electrons it becomes this.
When two atoms share three pairs of electrons.
What is a triple bond?
Composed of closely packed, positively charged metal ions with valence electrons drifting among the ions.
What is a metal crystal?
MnO2
Manganese Oxide
What do valence electrons determine about an element?
Their chemical properties.
A group of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound.
What is a chemical formula?
What are 2 properties of covalent bonds?
Low melting points, do not conduct electric current.
Why are alloys generally used to make everyday objects?
They are stronger and less reactive than pure metals.
Potassium Iodide
KI
How many valence electrons are found in each group on the periodic table (not including the transition metals)?
Double: Which element is the exception and how many valence electrons does it have?
Group 1: 1, Group 2: 2, Group 13: 3, Group 14: 4, Group 15: 5, Group 16: 6, Group 17: 7, and Group 18: 8.
Double: Helium and 2
Name 2 properties of ionic compounds.
High melting and boiling point, a good conductor of electricity.
What are the 2 types of covalent bonds? How are they different?
Nonpolar- equal share of electrons
Polar- unequal share of electrons
Name 2 properties of metals and why they occur.
Luster- electrons absorb light and re-emit it
Malleability and Ductility- positive metal ions are attracted to the loose electrons all around them rather than other metal ions
Thermal and electrical conductivity- electrons are free to move around
Aluminum Sulfide
Al2S3