Key Terms
A bothersome or unwanted effect that results from the use of a drug, unrelated to the intended effect of the drug
Adverse Drug Reaction
Loosely regulate drugs, requiring premarket approval for new drugs based on safety and prohibiting false therapeutic claims for drugs. This law allowed for the designation of a drug to be available only by Rx but lacked specific guidelines and lefit it mostly up to the manufacturer.
Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act
Broken down into two groups: Independent and chain pharmacies.
Independent- generally owned and staffed by one or two individual pharmacists
Chain- developed when companies began to own large numbers of pharmacies that all use the same name and logo and carried branded OTC products.
Community Pharmacy
The need to maintain adequate quantities of commonly used medications to meet patient needs must be balanced with the need to control operating expenses.
_____ comprise most of the IV antibiotic courses administered in the home. They are easy to use due to low incidence of adverse reactions and require minimal monitoring.
Cephalosporins
A unique number assigned to each drug, strength, and package size for the purpose of identification.
National Drug Code (NDC) number
This act established two categories of drugs: Legend drugs (Rx) and Over the Counter (OTC). Any legend drug required authorization from a doctor before a pharmacist could prepare and dispense the product.
Durham Humphrey Amendment
Often interchangeable with community. These pharmacists work closely with physicians to manage patient's disease states such as hypertension, diabetes, anticoagulation, asthma, and others.
Ambulatory care pharmacist
Maintenance of pharmacy _____. In addition to sequencing, sorting, and proper storage of Rx hard copies, others that require maintenance include supplier invoices, insurance signature logs, patient counseling logs, and HIPAA signature logs.
records
_____ is an IV nutrition that provides a patient with all of the fluid and nutrients when oral nutrition is difficult or impossible. Patients with Crohn's disease and bowel loss are major recipients.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
Extravasation
Term for when third party payers including government employers, government programs, and private insurance began to cover some or all of the costs of patient's medications.
Reimbursement
Resemble clinic pharmacies. Some work directly for a pharmacy benefit manager (PBM) while others interact with patients by phone, reviewing and submitting prior authorizations, and working on specialty medications.
Managed Care Pharmacies
If a patient has a questions that requires clinical knowledge or judgement, such as which OTC product to use for a specific condition, the pharmacist should be _____.
Consulted
One of the most common chemo agents administered in a home care environment. A central line is used to administer and is commonly used in treatment protocols such as stomach, liver, intestine, and colon cancers.
5-Fluorouracil
Safety strategy developed by a pharmaceutical company that is used to ensure that patients are able to obtain and safely use a medication known to have serious potential risk.
Risk Evaluation Mitigation Strategy (REMS)
Required pharmacists to perform three function when filling a Rx for a Medicaid recipient:
1. Prospective drug utilization (review med profile to screen for potential problems)
2. Patient Counseling
3. Patient record maintenance
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)
Fill very large volumes of prescriptions and specialize in maintenance medications. Due to high Rx volume, the Rx filling process is often highly automated and there is generally less direct contact with patients. More like warehouses with pharmacists and technicians.
Mail Order Pharmacies
Pseudoephedrine is an OTC medication that is found behind the counter. Purchasers are limited to buying a max of _____ grams in one day.
3.6 grams
Don't forget to ask for a valid photo identification!
______ response modifiers are substances that stimulate the body's response to infection and disease. Examples include filgastrim, erythropoietin, and infliximab.
Biological
Patient information approved by the US FDA to help patients avoid serious adverse effects, inform patients about known serious side effects, and provide directions for use to promote adherence to the treatment. These are available for specific drugs or classes of drugs and must be dispensed with each prescription.
Medication Guides
Provided a national standard for protecting individuals private health information and specific guidelines regarding how to handle private patient information. It also required each pharmacy to have a written policy for handling private patient information.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Located in clinics or medical centers to serve the needs of outpatients. Typically function similarly to community pharmacies, but often more direct contact and communication with prescribers within the facility.
Clinic Pharmacies
This medication used to treat acne is part of the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) and must be registered with the iPledge Program each time the drug is dispensed due to its risk of causing serious birth defects.The female must provide a negative pregnancy test each month and agree to 2 forms of birth control for the duration of treatment.
Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA)