Definitions of terms
An atom's outermost electrons
Valence electrons
Metals
This element is in group 7A and has 17 protons.
Chlorine
The exception to the octet rule. Only needs two valence electrons to achieve noble gas arrangement.
Hydrogen
A solid melts. The phase is...
liquid
Two or more atoms linked together to make a substance with unique properties.
Molecule
These elements gain electrons.
nonmetals
These elements strive to get rid of all the electrons in their Lewis structure.
Metals
The name and Lewis structure of Calcium (Ca) and Oxygen (O).
Calcium oxide
Lewis structure: Ca 2+, O with 8 dots 2-
The solid becomes a liquid. Energy is...
Added
A covalent molecule that has an uneven distribution of electrons, resulting in slight charges within the molecule itself.
Polar molecule
The most stable elements.
noble gases
Two chlorine atoms come together to form this bond.
covalent bond.
The Lewis structure of PF3.
P is in 5A. F is in 7A.
P has three unpaired e-, F's have only one. So arrange the F's around the P. To get eight dots around everything, we put each unpaired dot on each F next to an unpaired dot on P.
To become a solid, liquids and gases must...
lose energy
A chemical bond that is made by sharing electrons.
Covalent bond
True or False:
Most atoms try to get eight electrons in their largest orbitals.
True
The desire for nonmetals other than hydrogen to get eight dots around them.
Octet rule
A covalent molecule that has an even distribution of electrons so there are NO net charges in the molecule itself.
nonpolar molecule
Does solid silver float or sink when put in melted silver?
Sinks
A weak bond between certain kinds of molecules caused by the attraction of a hydrogen atom in one molecule to an unshared pair of electrons on the other molecule.
Hydrogen bonds
Diagrams which the element's symbol is surrounded by dots that represent its valence electrons.
Lewis structures
Nitrogen is a nonmetal and it needs eight dots. It currently has 5. It needs to gain a certain amount and have a certain charge.
gains 3 for a 3- charge
What happens to the density of water as it freezes?
The density decreases.
Does liquid water or solid water with the same volume have more mass?
The water in its liquid phase has more mass.