DNA
Cytosine, Thymine, Adenine, and Guanine.
What is DNA?
The two sides of the ladder are composed of sugar and phosphate molecules and held together by this strong molecule.
What are phosphodiester bonds?
The process of insertion or deletion of one or more base pairs to the DNA molecule, shifting the entire reading frame.
What is a Frameshift mutation?
Replication occurs here.
What is the nucleus?
Formation of haploid cells from diploid cells.
What is meiosis?
The best example of aneuploidy.
What is Trisomy 21/Down syndrome?
Double helix structure.
What is DNA?
These are the chemical make -up of projections out of the side of the ladder (rungs of the ladder).
What are nitrogenous bases?
Two common agents that serve as mutagens.
What are radiation and chemicals?
In RNA, thymine is converted to this base.
What is Uracil?
The length and centromere location determine the ordered display of chromosomes.
What is a karyotype?
Females have only one X chromosome.
What is Turner Syndrome?
Double carbon-nitrogen rings adenine and guanine.
What are purines?
Each DNA subunit.
What is a nucleotide?
These bonds/bases are known as mutational hotspot.
What is cytosine/guanine base?
Gene splicing occurs when mRNA moves out of the nucleus and into this place.
What is the cytosol?
The first 22 of the 23 chromosomes in males and females.
What is an autosome?
Chromosome abnormality 47, XXY or XXXY, or XXXXY.
What is Klinefelter syndrome?
Single carbon-nitrogen rings cytosine and thymine.
What is Pyrimidines?
The composition of the weak base projecting from one side of the ladder, where A/T and G/C bond.
What is a hydrogen bond?
This mutation occurs in the absence of exposure.
What is a spontaneous mutation?
This contains 46 chromosome and has diploid cells, formed by mitosis and cytokinesis.
What are somatic cells?
A cell that contains three copies of one chromosome.
What is trisomy?
ABCDEFG and ABEDCFG.
What is inversion?
Number of amino acids that sequence three bases of DNA.
What is 20?
This functions to add the correct nucleotides to a DNA strand.
What is DNA polymerase?
A substitution that does not result in an amino acid change.
What is a silent substitution?
Contains 23 chromosomes and haploid cells.
What is a gamete?
These chromosomal aberrations do not survive or are stillborn.
What are triploid and tetraploid fetuses?
Fragile sites are chromosomal breaks and gaps when cells are cultured in this deficient medium.
What is folate?