Child Development
__________________ refers to change or growth in children.
Heredity is
the characteristics a child genetically inherits from their parents.
Explain the celphalocaudal principle
a child first gains control of the head, then arms, then legs.
When is a child’s most critical time for promoting healthy brain development?
During pregnancy (prenatal development)
Summarize Piaget's theories....
Piaget's cognitive theory is children's knowledge is learned through active involvement in real-life experiences during four stages (sensorimotor stage; preoperational stage; concrete operational stage; formal operational stage).
A preschooler is......
children 3-5 years of age
True or false? Running, skipping, and bike riding are examples of using fine-motor development.
False
According to the proximodistal principle, the ___________________are the last to develop.
fingers and toes
The ability of an infant’s brain to change according to stimulation is known as ____________________.
plasticity
Summarize Gardner’s theories....
Gardner developed the theory of 8 multiple intelligences. Children learn and express themselves in many different ways. All children possess each intelligence, and they need experiences in each to be developed. Strengths in certain types of intelligences vary.
Children between the ages of six and twelve are in...
middle childhood
Intellectual development is also called
cognitive development
Much of maturation depends on the changes in the ____________________ and _________________.
brain and nervous system
When under stress, your brain releases _________________, a steroid hormone.
cortisol
Summarize Vygotzky’s theories......
Vygotzky's theory believed children learned through their social and cultural experiences. Children learn values, customs, beliefs, and skills from their social groups and adults.
The awkward style of walking is why children age one to three are called
toddlers
Social emotional development involves two areas. What are they and how are they described?
Learning relate to others-social development.
Emotional-involves feelings and expression of feelings
How does learning the principle of development help teachers plan appropriate classroom activities?
It helps observe what ability each child has gained, and aides children in successfully developing new skills
The critical time for promoting brain connections related to math is ________________________.
one to four years old
Summarize Erickson’s theories....
Erickson's psychosocial belief was development occurs throughout the life span during 4 stages. Children's personalities develop in response to their social interactions. (Stages: trust vs. mistrust; autonomy vs. shame and doubt; initiative vs. guilt; industry vs. inferiority)