Vocabulary 1
The breaking down of rocks
Weathering
Name and describe the 2 types of physical weathering
Exfoliation - a type of physical weathering that causes the layers of rock to peel off like layers of an onion
Abrasion - a type of physical weathering where wind carries bits of sand which wear away a rock
Oxygens, acids, and carbon dioxide react with the minerals in a rock to cause the rock to break down
Chemical weathering
What is the biggest cause of erosion?
Explain how wind can change land.
Wind can blow sand into hills called Sand Dunes
When wind and rain break rocks down, changing their shape and size but not the chemicals they are made of
Physical weathering
Name an example of chemical weathering
Rust
Horizons
layers of soil with its own properties
What did people learn from the Dust Bowl?
The Dust Bowl taught people that it was important to conserve soil - using methods to save it and slow erosion
Explain the ways that running water can change land.
As rivers journey downhill, they cut away land along their sides and carry away sediments.
A slowly running river that drops sediments at its mouth forms an area of land called a delta.
The transport of weathered rock
Erosion
How do physical weathering and chemical weathering affect rocks in the same way?
They both break down rocks
The dropping off of weathered rock
Deposition
Erosion is affected by the _______ of sediments.
Size
Explain how waves can change land.
Waves pounding at a cliff can break large chunks off its bottom and hollow out the base of the cliff.
Waves can form barrier islands which are long, narrow, strips of land that protect coastlines from erosion.
a deep, narrow valley with steep sides. Canyons often have rivers at the bottom
Canyon
Explain how physical weathering and chemical weathering are different.
Physical - the minerals that make up the rock do not change, the rock only changes size and shape
Chemical - the minerals that make up a rock are changed by oxygen, acid, and carbon dioxide
an area of land caused by deposition of sediments at the mouth, or end, of a river
Delta
Describe Strip Farming and Contour Plowing.
Strip farming - plant strips of food crops and other plants to hold the soil.
Contour plowing - plowing field across a slope
Explain how ice can change land.
Thick snow changes into ice, which begins to flow downhill and freeze onto rocks.
Glaciers widen, deepen, and straighten valleys in a U-shape.
Define landforms and give 4 examples of landforms.
Natural features on Earth’s surface.
Hills, valleys, mountains, and plains.
How do Freezing, Thawing, and Plants weather rock?
Freezing & Thawing - water from rain or melted snow enters small cracks in rocks. If the water freezes, it expands and the cracks in the rock widen. Repeated freezing and thawing breaks rocks apart.
Plants - A plant's roots can force their way through small cracks in rocks. As roots grow larger, they cause the cracks to widen and the rocks to break apart.
Sand dune
Hills formed by particles of sand that are picked up by wind
How do erosion and deposition affect the land?
Erosion wears down sediments in a location and carries it to a new place.
Deposition adds more sediment to a new location, which changes the shape of the land.
Explain in detail what will happen to a brick over time if it is exposed to sun, wind, and weather.
The brick could change shape and size if wind or rain weathers pieces of the rock away.