Respiratory A & P
Respiratory dysfunction in children tends to be more or less severe than in adults
more
High pitched sound that usually occurs on expiration, results from obstruction in the lower trachea or bronchioles.
Wheezing
____________ occurs most frequently in children before adolescence. Majority of cases are benign, but should be further investigated and treated.
epistaxis
Formerly termed bronchopulmonary dysplasia, is often diagnosed in infants who have experienced RDS and continue to require oxygen at 28 days of age. Most often seen in premature infants*
Chronic Lung Disease
Current goals of medical therapy are avoidance of asthma triggers and reduction or control of ____________ episodes
inflammatory
Newborns are preferential ___________ breathers until at least 4 weeks of age.
nose
Crackling sounds which result when the alveoli become fluid filled, such as in pneumonia.
Rales
A collection of air in the pleural space is called a
pneumothorax
When any solid or liquid substance is inhaled into the respiratory tract 5
Foreign body aspiration
Fear of an exacerbation and feeling "different" from other children can harm a child's
self-esteem
Newborns breathe through their ______ only when crying
mouths
Inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis, most often caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b and has become a rare occurrence with the extensive use of the Hib completely occluded.
Epiglottitis
Chronic condition in childhood. Associated with atopic dermatitis and asthma
Allergic rhinitis
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma
Pneumonia
a. minimizing pulmonary complications
b. maximizing lung function
c. preventing infection
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The upper respiratory mucus serves as a cleansing agent, newborns produce very little mucus, making them them more susceptible to
infection
Inflammation process of the bronchioles and small bronchi. Nearly always caused by a viral pathogen, RSV accounts for the majority of cases of bronchoiloitis, with adenovirus, parainfluenza, and human meta-pneumonvirus also being important causative agents
Bronchiolitis
Absence of breathing for longer than 20 seconds; it might be accompanied by bradycardia
Apnea
Inflammation of the tonsils often occurs with
pharyngitis
____ children of parents with cystic fibrosis will be carriers of the gene
ALL
The frontal sinuses (most often associated with sinus infection) and the sphenoid sinuses develop by 6 to 8 years. Therefore, younger children are more or less apt to acquire sinus infections compared to adults
less
________ is a highly contagious virus found most often in infants and toddlers
RSV
Chronic inflammatory airway disorder characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, airway edema, and mucus production
Asthma
Highly contagious disease caused by inhalation of droplets of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or mycobacterium bovis. Homeless and impoverished children are at higher risk. AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) recommends a 6-month course of oral therapy
Tuberculosis (TB)
Are adults with cystic fibrosis able to find rewarding work and pursue relationships
Yes