Health and recommended intake of sugars, starches and fibers
100
What are Carbs made of?
They are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
100
how many monosaccharides are in a simple sugar?
What is Sucrose?
What is Maltose?
What is Lactose?
What is two.
Sucrose: Glucose+ Fructose (table sugar)
Maltose: GLucose + Glucose
Lactose: Glucose + Glactose (milk)
100
what is glycogen
What is stprage form of glucose in the body and provides rapid release of energy when needed
100
What is glucose? and how do u balance it?
What is a regulating hormone. Made up of INSULIN, GLUCAGON, EPINEPHRINE. Balance glucose within the normal range by eating balanced meals regularly with adequate complex carbohydrates.
100
the health effects of added sugars? (sucrose, honey, corn syrup? Dental Caries?
Nutrient deficiencies may develop from the intake of empty kcals.
dental caries may caused by bacteria residing in dental plaque and the length of time sugars have contact with the teeth.
200
What is another name for carbohdrate?
saccharides
200
what sugars make up a simple carb
what is glucose, frutose, and galactose.
200
what is starches and where is it found?
What is storage form of glucose in plants and is found in grains, tubers, and legumes
200
What is insulin?
Ketosis?
Moves glucose into the cells and helps to LOWER blood sugars
Making ketone bodies from fat fragments= the accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood is called ketosis.
the body can use glucose to make body fat when carbs are consumed excessively.
to spare protein and preventt ketosis the body needs at least 50-100g of carbs a day.
200
Suggested dietary intake of added sugars
DRI suggests should contribute to no more than 25% of a day's total energy intake. Who recommends 10% of a days total energy intake
300
What are the two types of carbohydrates?
What is Simple and Complex
300
what is glucose?
What is an essential energy source and is commonly known as blood sugar or DEXTOSE
300
what are dietary fibers and can they be broken down by human enzymes?
They provide structure in plants, are very diverse , and cannot be broken down by human enzymes
300
What is glucagon?
Brings glucose out of storage and RAISES blood sugar levels
300
Benefits and Negatives of Fiber
Benefits- Promote weight control. May be some protection from heart disease and stroke. Reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes by decreasing glucose absorption. Enhances the heath of the GI tract which can then block the absorption of unwanted particles. May protect against colon cancer by removing potential cancer- causing agents from the body.
Negatives- Displaces energy and nutrient- dense foods. Abdominal discomfort and distention. and May interfere with nutrient absorption
400
What is a simple carbohydrate?
what is monosaccharides and disaccharides
400
what is frutose?
What is the sweetest, occurs naturally in fruits and honey, and is added to many foods in the form of high-fructoe corn syrup
400
What are soluble fibers? Are they viscous? Where are they found?
Soluble fibers are viscous and can be digested by intestinal bacteria (fermentability). They are found in grains and vegetables. (Cellulose)
400
Epinephrine?
Acts quickly to bring glucose out of storage during times of stress
400
Recommended intake of fiber?
FDA recommends 25 grams for a 2,000 kcal diet.
DRi at 14g per 1,000 kcal intake (28 grams for a 2,000 kcal diet)
ADA recommends 20-35grams a day
WHO suggests no more than 40 grams a day
500
what is a complex carb?
What is polysaccharides
500
what is galactose?
what is a rarely occurs naturally as a single sugar
500
What are resistent starches considered?
What is Phytic acid?
What is they are ALL also considered as fiber; they escape digestion and are found in legumes, raw potatoes and unripe bananas.
Phytic acid OR PHYTATE has a close association with fiber and binds some minerals.
500
Glycemic index? Glycemic Load?
Glycemic response is how quickly the blood glucose rises and elicits an insulin response. Classifies food according to their potential for raising blood glucose. The load regfers to a food's glycemic index and the amount of carbs the food contains.
500
Carbohydrate Metabolism?
The body stores glucose as glycogen in liver and muscle cells.
The body uses glucose for energy if glycogen stores are available.
if glycogen stores are depleted, the body makes glucose from protein. GLUCONEOGENESIS is the conversion of protein to glucose.
Protein-sparing action is having adequate cabs in the diet to prevent the breakdown of protein for energy.