4.1 The Genetic Code
4.2 Protein Syntheiss
4.3 Mutations
Cancer
Vocabulary
100
During DNA replication, adenine (A) always pairs with a. guanine (G). b. cytosine (C). c.thymine (T). d. adenine (A).
What is c. thymine (T).
100
Where does protein synthesis take place? a. in the ribosomes in the nucleus of the cell b. on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell c. in the chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell d. on the chromosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell
What is b. on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell
100
A change in DNA is called a(n) ____________________.
What is mutation.
100
Cancer is a disease in which cells _________________. a. grow and divide uncontrollably. b. die before they can mature. c. stop producing DNA. d. die during mitosis.
What is a. grow and divide uncontrollably.
100
The process of making proteins is called protein ______________.
What is synthesis.
200
All of the following nitrogen bases in RNA are part of DNA, except a. adenine. b. guanine. c. cytosine d. uracil.
What is d. uracil.
200
TRUE/FALSE Amino acids are carried to a ribosome by messenger RNA.
What is false, transfer.
200
A mutation can occur if a base pair is _____________, deleted, or substituted for another.
What is added.
200
Scientists think cancer begins when ___________________ a. a mutation occurs in DNA. b. a cell divides too slowly. c. DNA replication stops. d. cells stop growing.
What is a. a mutation occurs in DNA.
200
What is a cancer tumor? a. a group of cells in the bloodstream b. a mass of normal cells c. a mass of abnormal cells d. a mass of cells that don’t divide
What is c. a mass of abnormal cells
300
The genetic code is found in the order of nitrogen ____________________ along a gene.
What is bases.
300
What does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis? a. copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm b. copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the nucleus c. carries amino acids and adds them to the growing protein d. copies the coded message from the protein and carries it into the nucleus
What is a. copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm.
300
Explain the difference between a addition, deletion and substitution mutation.
What is addition mutation is when a base pair is added. A deletion mutation is when a base pair is taken away. Substitution mutation is when a base pair is changed for another base pair.
300
What is chemotherapy?
What is the use of drugs to treat a disease.
300
The sides of a DNA molecule are made up of sugar molecules alternating with _____________________ molecules.
What is phosphate.
400
What are the pairs of nitrogen bases in DNA?
What is adenine with thymine, cytosine with guanine.
400
____________________ RNA adds amino acids to a growing protein.
What is transfer.
400
How do mutations lead to cancer?
What is they disrupt the cell cycle and cause cells to divide in an uncontrollable way.
400
How many different types of cancer are there? a. 10 b. over 100 c. over 500 d. over 1,000
What is b. over 100.
400
The sides of RNA and DNA molecules are made up of different _________________.
What is sugars.
500
Each group of three DNA bases on a gene codes for a single ________________________. .
What is amino acid.
500
A set of three bases codes for one specific ____________________ in a protein.
What is amino acid.
500
Explain how a mutation can be beneficial, harmful and/or neither.
What is a harmful mutation reduces the organism’s chances for survival and reproduction. A helpful mutation increases an organism’s chances for survival and reproduction. A mutation that does not increase nor decrease an organism's chance for survival nor reproduction is neither harmful or helpful.
500
Cancer can spread when cells break off a tumor and are carried through the body by the ____________________.
What is bloodstream.
500
Each ___________ on a chromosome contains the information to code for one specific protein.
What is gene.
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