EAR Anatomy
Name the three compartments of the ear
What is the external, middle, and inner ear?
The system of the ear that regulates movement and balance
What is the vestibular system?
The first of the three bones of the middle ear
What is the malleus, or the hammer
Sounds louder than what decibel can cause hearing loss
What is 85 dB?
The patho definition of Meniere disease
What is a disorder of the inner ear, there is an increase in the endolymph that fills the membranous labyrinth, resulting in distension of the inner ear?
The eardrum is also known as the
What is the tympanic membrane?
The cranial nerve responsible for balance and stability
The bones of the middle ear
What is auditory ossicles? (hammer, anvil, stirrup)
Genetic disorders that cause Sensorineural Hearing Loss
What is Wardenburg syndrome, Branchio-oto-renal syndrome, Stickler syndrome, neurofibromasois type II, Alport syndrome, Treacher Collins syndrome?
The symptoms of Meniere disease
What is progressive hearing loss and tinnitus, head trauma( the most common), feeling of pressure within the ear.
The bones of the middle ear
What is auditory ossicles? (hammer, anvil, stirrup)
The function of the utricle and saccule
What is senses head position?
The function of the bones of the middle ear
What is amplified vibrations?
Causes of conductive hearing loss
What is impacted cerumen (earwax), impaction of foreign bodies, trauma, ottits media (OM) and ostosclerosis, which is the hardening of the ossicles?
How the Meniett device works
What is delivers pulses of pressure to the inner ear via a tympanostomy tube. some patient shave symptomatic relief when the device is used on a daily basis. the precise mechanism that provides relief is unclear.
Reason why children are more prone to ear infections
What is the euschain tube lies horizontally across from the pharynx, allowing infections to spread easily from the thraot to the ear?
Once a child matures, the eustachian tube lengthens and assumes a more vertical orientation, which decreases travel of infection to the ear from the throat.
The function of the semicircular canals
What is senses head movement?
The middle ear is connected to the nasopharynx by
What is the eustachian tube
Causes of Sensorineural Hearing Loss
What is loss of hair cells from the organ of Corti within the inner ear or damage to CN VIII or more rarely the auditory cortex of the brain, which is located within the temporal lobe?
Also, genetic disorders and noise exposure
How Meniere disease is diagnosed
What is no diagnoses, it is diagnosed by the clinical symptoms.
A complete complete history and physical examination must be performed to rule out other causes.
Name all three functions of the external, middle, and inner ear
What is capture and conducts sound waves through the ear canal, amplified vibrations, balance and proprioception?
A system of communication channels found in the inner ear is called
What is a labyrinth?
There are two parts of it, the outer bony wall is called a bony labyrinth that encases a thin-walled membranous labyrinth that floats inside.
The function of the eustachian tube found in the middle ear
What is equalizing pressure?( It prevents rupture of the tympanic membrane when there is a sudden pressure change, such as during airplane travel)
Causes of the Mixed Hearing Loss
What is barotrauma ( pressure changes), osteosclerosis, cholesteatoma, and temporal bone fractures?
The treatment of this disorder
What is a low salt diet, diuretics, antiemetics, and anti-inflammatory meds, or a Meniett device is used for treatment resistant disease, surgery?
*Transtympanic administration of aminoglycosides is sometimes effective for treatment resistant Meniere disease