The Triumph of Industry
How did the introduction of the Bessemer process affect the American economy?
A. Manufactures could produce cheaper and better steel.
B. Supplies could now communicate instantly over long distances.
C. Industrial workers successfully obtained shorter hours and other benefits.
D. Entrepreneurs like John D. Rockefeller could refine petroleum more cheaply.
A. Manufactures could produce cheaper and better steel.
A process for making stronger steel made efficiently by blowing air into hot iron ore and processed coal.
A. Market Economy
B. Business Practices
C. Industrial Developments
D. Bessemer Process
D. Bessemer Process
What was one of the grievances of industrial workers in the late 1800s?
A. High tariffs.
B. Child labor.
C. Silver coinage.
D. Overseas competition.
B. Child labor.
An economic system where the government, rather than the free market, determines what goods are produced and the price at which the goods are sold.
A. American Federation of Labor
B. Homestead Strike.
C. Social Darwinism
D. Planned Economy
D. Planned Economy
What was a consequence of the rapid growth of cities in the late 1800s?
A. The decline of political machines in the Midwest.
B. The migration of poor workers to the suburbs.
C. A decrease in the gap between rich and poor.
D. The rapid growth of tenements and ghettos.
D. The rapid growth of tenements and ghettos.
Which pair of African-American inventors recieved patents for invetions that improved steam-driven transportation?
A. Elijah McCoy and Granville Woods
B. Madame Walker and Sarah Goode..
C. John Albert Burn and Jan Matzeliger.
D. Lewis Latimer and Garrett Morgan.
A. Elijah McCoy and Granville Woods
This allowed governments to break up monopolies.
A. Sherman Anti-trust Act
B. Industrialization
C. Government Policies
D. Innovation
A. Sherman Anti-trust Act
How were the Homestead and Pullman Strikes similar?
A. Both were ended by federal court injuctions.
B. Both were led by union organizer Eugene V. Debs.
C. Both ended in important defeats for organized labor.
D. Both involved armed confrontations between workers and Pinkertons.
C. Both ended in important defeats for organized labor.
A labor protest in Chicago that turned violent when a bomb was thrown at police. It led to a public backlash against unions, as they were falsely linked to "anarchy".
A. Haymarket Riot
B. Homestead Strike
C. Pullman Strike
D. Social Darwinism
A. Haymarket Riot
Which useful function was served by the political machienes of the late 1800s?
A. They prevented corruption in local government.
B. They helped provide supply of cheap and skilled labor for industry.
C. They served as role models for future city governments by acting as city managers.
D. They assisted in social assimilation of immigrants into the community.
D. They assisted in social assimilation of immigrants into the community.
Which business practice led to the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)?
A. Some businesses established monopolies over their industries.
B. Railroads unfairly charged more for "short hauls" than for "long hauls".
C. A large number of business owners refused to let their workers join labor unions.
D. Corporations were generally able to raise more capital than individual entrepreneurs.
A. Some businesses established monopolies over their industries.
Companies that engaged in harmful business practices against the public interest.
A. Transportation
B. Communications
C. Monopolises
D. Inventions
C. Monopolises
What was an important consequence of the Haymarket Riot?
A. Decline of the Knights of Labor.
B. Rally of public opinion in favor of workers.
C. Victory of wokers in the Homestead Strike.
D. Break up of the American Federation of Labor.
A. Decline of the Knights of Labor.
Organizations of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests, such as better wages, shorter hours, and safer working conditions.
A. Child Labor
B. American Federation of Labor
C. Labor Unions
D. Planned Economy
C. Labor Unions
Which group most favored the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882?
A. Impearialists in Congress.
B. Nativists on the West Coast.
C. Progressives from the Midwest.
D. Anarchists who immigrated from Europe.
B. Nativists on the West Coast.
How were Americans influenced by the growth of railroads during the Second Industrial Revolution?
A. Railroads led to shortages of raw materials for factories and of wokers on farms.
B. Railroads stimulated the contruction of steamships to trade up and down rivers.
C. Railroads created time zones, the growth of cities, and the first truly national market.
D. Railroads caused cotten, rice, and wheat production to move from the Southeast to the West Coast.
C. Railroads created time zones, the growth of cities, and the first truly national market.
Used his wealth to help develop Florida and built the Florida East Coast railroad which connected several cities.
A. Henry Flager
B. Entrepeneurs
C. Inventions
D. African-American Inventors
A. Henry Flager
What was an important way in which the Knights of Labor differed from the American Federation of Labor?
A. It represented skilled workers in negotiations.
B. It was open to women and African Americans.
C. It tried to recruit new memebers to increase its influence.
D. It wanted to increase workers' wages and limit working hours.
B. It was open to women and African Americans.
One of the first major national labor unions. They were unique because they accepted both skilled and unskilled workers, as well as women and African Americans.
A. Labor Unions
B. Social Darwinism
C. Child Labor
D. Knights of Labor
D. Knights of Labor
How did many nativists feel about the rapid influx of immigrants between 1870 and 1900?
A. They worried that the costs of urban housing would go down.
B. They feared that the immigrants might take their jobs for lower wages.
C. They hoped that the growth of the city would bring more concerts and public parks.
D. They welcomed the arrival of diverse people with different foods and traditions.
B. They feared that the immigrants might take their jobs for lower wages.
In 1885, Sarah Goode became one of the first African-American women ever to receive a U.S. patent when she recived a patent for her fold-away-bed. What did her achievement demonstrate?
A. Despite the obstaccles they faced, African-American women made contributions to the Second Industrial Revolution.
B. In the nineteenth century, women paid more attention to living conditions than men did.
C. At that time, married women were unable to claim ownership of their own inventions.
D. In the 1880s, there was only limited interest in making household goods.
A. Despite the obstaccles they faced, African-American women made contributions to the Second Industrial Revolution.
A capitalist system of economic organization under this system tools, factories, and other means of production including the money needed to buy them are privately owned. All of free to buy and sell goods and labor in this system.
A. Monopolies
B. Sherman Anti-trust
C. Market Economy
D. Bessemer Process
C. Market Economy.
Why did government leaders generally sympathize with business owners against labor in the late 19th century?
A. Government leaders received money from business and also believed in laissez-faire.
B. Government leaders were followers of new ideologies from Europe such as socialism.
C. Government leaders did not believe that conditions for industrial workers were all that bad.
D. Government leaders feared violence from business owners if they took the side of workers.
A. Government leaders received money from business and also believed in laissez-faire.
A nationwide railroad strike that halted much of the US rail traffic. It ended when the Federal government stepped in, claiming the strike interefered with the Ideologies & Systems.
A. Homestead Strike
B. Pullman Strike
C. Child Labor
D. Haymarket Riot
B. Pullman Strike
How did the experiences of Chinese immigrants differ from those of the "New Immigrants" from Southern and Eastern Europe?
A. They often took the least desirable and lowest paying jobs.
B. They frequently faced prejudice and discrimination from nativists.
C. They were unable to use all of the same skills that they possessed at home.
D. They could not own property, testify in some state courts, or become citizens.
D. They could not own property, testify in some state courts, or become citizens.