Types of Memory
This type of long-term memory stores personal experiences, like remembering your first day of school.
What is episodic memory?
According to Craik & Lockhart’s levels-of-processing theory, this type of processing leads to the best recall.
What is deep processing?
This effect occurs when people receive misleading information after witnessing an event, leading them to recall the misinformation rather than the original event.
What is the post-event misinformation effect?
This principle states that pleasant items are processed more efficiently than unpleasant items.
What is the Pollyanna principle?
This type of memory allows you to recall general knowledge, such as the names of all 50 U.S. states.
What is semantic memory?
The phenomenon where recall is better when the context is the same at retrieval than it was during encoding.
What is the encoding specificity principle?
The bias that causes people to be better at recognizing faces of their own race than those of other races.
What is own-ethnicity bias?
When people recall past negative events as less unpleasant over time, this effect is at work.
What is the positivity effect?
This type of memory helps you remember how to ride a bike or type on a keyboard.
What is procedural memory?
This effect explains why we remember information better when it relates to ourselves.
What is the self-reference effect?
The theory that memory is constructed by integrating what we already know.
What is the constructivist approach?
This memory phenomenon occurs when people vividly recall where they were and what they were doing when they learned about a significant event, like 9/11.
What is a flashbulb memory?
People with this memory disorder struggle to recall new experiences after brain damage but may still retain old memories.
What is anterograde amnesia?
The tendency to forget old information due to new information interfering with it.
What is retroactive interference?
This term describes when a person mistakenly believes they learned information from one source when it actually came from another.
What is source monitoring error?
This perspective argues that traumatic memories can be forgotten for years and later recalled.
What is the recovered-memory perspective?