Seismic Waves
Earthquake
Vibration of the Earth produced by the rapid release of energy
Intensity
A measure of the degree of earthquake shaking at a given locale based on the amount of damage
Epicenter
Point on the surface directly above the focus
What are the factors that determine structural damage?
Intensity, duration, nature of ground structure is on, design of structure
Tsunami
Seismic sea wave
Seismology
Study of earthquake waves
Richter scale
Used to measure amplitude
Focus
Place within the earth where earthquake waves originate
How are earthquakes measured? What is the name of the scale used for each?
Intensity (Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale), magnitude (Richter scale)
Liquefaction
Sediment acts as a liquid during shaking
Primary wave vs Surface wave vs Secondary wave
push-pull motion
- up and down motion
- side to side and up and down simultaneously
Triangulation
Three station recordings used to locate an epicenter
What is the process of triangulation? What is it used for?
Circle = to epicenter distance is drawn around each station, and point where circles intersect is the epicenter
Name some earthquake hazards.
Ground opening up, buildings falling, landslides, tsunamis
Seismograph/seismometer vs Seismogram
Earthquake recording instrument vs record
Magnitude
Amplitude of the largest seismic wave
What earthquake evidence exists indicating what the center of the earth is like?
Seismic shadow zones
What are the different types of waves? How are they different from one another? Define each
P-waves move in a compressional motion and are the fastest (can move thru solids and liquids)
S-waves move up and down and are slower (only move thru solids)
Surface waves go up and down and side to side and are slowest (does lots of dmg)
Moment Magnitude scale v.s. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale
Used to measure earthquake intensity vs used to measure earthquake intensity