Hemoglobin
Affinity for O2 in lungs vs tissues
What is High and low
The type of modulation of both Bohr and Haldane
What is allosteric modulation
delta G and +Kd relationship equation
Too much acid in body fluids
What is acidosis
Has a binding site or pocket which a ligand can bind to
What is a protien
Made up of 8 alpha helices and holds heme
globin fold
The tissues active in METAB produce H+ and CO2
Bohr effect
Kd equation
Excessive levels of tissue oxygenation
What is hyperemia
In one, the protein binds just one Ligand, and in the other, the protein binds multiple ligands with different affinities
What are specificity vs selectivity
The amino acids that surround heme
What are lys 96, His 97, Arg 45, and His 64 (distal)
The three allosteric modulators
what are H+, CO2, and 2,3-BPG
At higher altititudes, RBCs make a shifts curve to this direction
what is the right
Decrease in partial pressure of oxygen in the blood
Hypoxemia
Measured by the dissociation constant
what is affinity
When binding of oxygen to Hb influences the binding of sequential O2s
Cooperatively
Hb(O2)nHx + O2 <--> Hb(O2)n+1 +xH+
What os the Bohr effect equilibrium
Where a higher [PL] leads to a lower value of Kd and is a sign of tighter binding because of the large amount of L in the complex
What is equilibrium
the pulmonary vein carries it (and where)
What is oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
more negative delta G
What causes tighter binding higher affinity
Made in RBCs and is a small highly charged molecule
also forms ionic interaction with basic side chains in deoxygenated Hb
noncovalently crosslinks the R subunits of deoxygenated Hb
What is 2,3 BPG
Negative charge of carbamate ion RNH-CO2 forms IONIC interactions that stabilize deoxygenated Hb
What is the Haldane effect
Lower OTL leads to this
Higher delta Y and O2 binding curve to the left, and less O2 binding
A pathological condition which results when the alveoli of the lungs are perfused with blood as normal, but ventilation fails to supply air to the region
what is a Pulmonary Shunt
what causes weaker binding and lower affinity