Diabetes
What is Diabetes Mellitus
A group of diseases that effect how the body uses blood glucose
- untreated can result in serious health complications
-blood glucose levels increase
Glucose spills into urine
Impaoired Fasting glucose
How much Carbohydrates are needed
RDA is 130 grams per day for adults
AMDR/FND is 45 to 65 total kcals
Starch
Storage form of carbs in plants3000 or more monsaccardies
Amyloselong, straight chain
20 of starch in vegetables, beans, breads, pasta and rice
Amylopecite
Highly branhced chain 80 of starch in foods
What is diertary Fiber
Term used on nurtition facts bales for these nonstach polysaccrdies
How many forms and what are they
Type 1
Type 2 - most common
Gestational
What percent of pregnant women develop gestational diabetes
18
Elevated blood glucose during pregnacy
s obesity increases risk
working out makes better
High fiber, low glycemic index diet can help
Recommended added sugar
Should avoid, but one meal should be at most 10 grams of added sugars
Follow FDA Health claims limits
Bonus grian snack shoundt excced 5 grams of added sugar per 3/4 ounce whole grain equilvalet and dairy snakcs shouldnt be above 2.5 grams of added suagr per 2/3 cups equivalent
Glycogen
Storage form of carbs in humans
Highly branche polysaccharide
Stored form of carbohydrate for animals and humans
Structure similar to amylopecin
More sites for enzyme action
Stored in the liiver and muscles
Perebiotics
Functional fibers that are short chain carbs or loigosaccahrdies, resitant to destigestion but fermented by bacteria in the colon
Symptoms
May occur suddenly
- Thirst
Urinantion
Wate lost
More appetite
Hard to breathe
Condition in which the concetration of bllod gulcose drifts up higher than normal
Dianosed if
Fasting blood glucose is 100 to 125 milligrams per deciliter
If
hbA1c is 5.7 to 6.4
What are MonoSacchardies
Simple carbs simple sugars conataining one suagr unit
Glucose
Fructose
Galactrose
Fiber
Cannot be digested by humans
Indiegtibel polysaccjarides
Body cannot break the bonds
Insoluble or nonfermenatable fiber
Does n dissolve in water or easily metaabolized by inestinal bacteria
Soluble or viscous fiberL
Dissolves or absorbs water
Probiotics
livell mirroogranisms that colonize the GI tract and confer health benefits on the host, Hence, fiber promotes hut health and reacts with bacteria in the colon
Describe type 1
And treatment
More often in kids
Genetic link
Automimmune diease
Body stops producing Inslin
Treatment:
Insluin Therapy
Diet Therapy
Pregnancy complicaruons of gestatonal diabetes
Baby grows to large
Often resolves after delvery
Women remain at risk of developing type 2 diabetes
What are disacchardies
Formed by bonding of two monsachrrides
Simple sugars
Sucrose ( Glucose and Fructose)
found in sugar cane, sugar beets, honey and maple syrup
Lactose (Clucose and Galactose
milk producs
Malose( Glucose and Glucose
Fermentation: Conversion of carbs to alc, acids and co2
Alc bev producton
Energy stored as glycogen about 1.8k kcal for blood glucose
Muscles: about 1.4 k Kcal for muscle use
Postbiotcs
Products or metabolic byproducts secreated by livell bacteria or realeased after bacterial lysis, may contrubute to host health by improving physilogical functions
Describe type 2
Treatment
Usually begins after 30
increasing rates in younger indiviudals
Insulin receptors on cells surfaces, espcially muscle and fat tissue, become insulin resistant
Associated with overweight and obesity
Espeically with fat in abdominal region
Weight
Oral Mediactions
Diet
Insulin
Hypolgylcemia
Debiatic Hypoglyemia
Debiates who use insluin
2 to 4 hours after meals
Shakiness, sweats, hunger
consume carbs fqqds to help
Wht are oligosacchrides
Contain 3 to 10 sugar units beta bonds
Raffinose: indigetible Galactose glucose and fructose
Srachyose Indigetsuble galactose galactose glucose and fructose
Polysaccarides
compe carbs containing many glucose units, from 10 to 1k to more
Starch
Glycogen
Fiber
How much fiber we need
AI
25 grams per day women
38 for men
14 grams per 1k kcal
DV 28 grams per 2k kcal
Av intake 17 grams