Cells
Cells with no nucleus
An organelle containing chlorophyll. Uses sunlight to make energy through photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Compare and contrast regular passive transport and facilitated diffusion? (a type of passive transport)
Contrast: Facilitated diffusion utilizes transport proteins to carry larger molecules.
Thymine is replaced by this nitrogen base in RNA
Uracil
Storing energy from food or light is a process known as...
Anabolism
Structured cell with a cell wall
Plant Cell
Contains proteins and RNA. Lines up amino acids to make proteins. Found in the Rough ER or floating in the cytosol.
Ribosomes
What is active transport?
A type of transport across a cell membrane that uses energy because molecules are going against the concentration gradient (from low to high concentration)
Three consecutive nucleotides and their counterparts are called
Codons and anticodons
Cells maintain what by balancing energy, waste, and their internal environment?
Homeostasis
A cell with membrane-bound organells
Eukaryotic
A colorless plastid found in plants. Stores starches, lipids, and proteins
Leucoplast
A solution that is more concentrated than the cytoplasm of a cell is known as...
Hypertonic
The sides of the ladder are made up of these two alternating molecules
Phosphate groups and sugars
Catabolism
Robert Hooke
Type of vacuole in animal cells. Digests food, kills bacteria, recycles old cell parts.
Lysosome
The diffusion of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane is known as...
Osmosis
List the 4 enzymes and what they do to create DNA
Helicase- unzips the DNA helix
Primase- builds the starting (primer) RNA sequence
Polymerase- lines up matching nucleotides to each unzipped chain of DNA
Ligase- glues all nucleotide pairs together to form a solid chain
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
What are the two parts of the Cell Theory?
1. Cells are the structural and functional units of all living things
2. Cells come only from other preexisting cells
The genetic material of the nucleus. Contains DNA, RNA, and proteins
Chromatin
Describe the structure of the lipid bilayer (main part of the cell membrane)
Hydrophobic (water-fearing) heads and hydrophilic (water loving) Tails. Lined up with heads facing outward.
What bond forms when 2 anticodons dock with their codons in a process called protein synthesis?
Peptide bond
How is energy stored and released from ATP to ADP?
The negatively charged, unstable bond of a third phosphate group stores energy as ATP.
It is released when the bond reacts with water and is broken.