Recording systems
FREE OPERANT
DISCRETE TRIAL
EVENT
STATE
FREQUENCY/RATE
PI RECORDING
Examples of a recording system?
Phases of interventions during which different approaches or techniques are used.
Usually recorded for several days.
What are conditions?
Introduce and withdraw treatment. (withdrawal design)
Baseline and phase 2. ABAB or ABCB
What is reversal design?
Principle 1 of _____: Defined by the stimulus change and its effect on behavior.
added= positive
subtracted= negative
Reinforcement
When a child's situation worsens because you add something aversive or subtract something desired.
What is Punishment?
1. Divide data in half.
2. Put an X at the middle Y value and middle x value of the first half of the data points.
3. Put an X at the middle Y value and middle X value of second half of data points.
4. Connect the X's
How to make a trend line.
BAR GRAPH- uses vertical bars instead of data points.
CUMULATIVE GRAPH -Number of occurrences observed in a session are added together with the number of occurrences from a previous session.
Different graphs.
Increase or decrease performance criterion. (Behavior increases or decreases.)
What is Changing Criterion Design?
Principle 2: To have an effect, they must be contingent on behavior.
*respond contingently to appropriate behavior
What are reinforcement principles?
CSR:
Contingent: more often following behavior than in its absence
Stimulus Change: Something is presented or removed
Reinforcement Effect: behavior increases as a result.
Definition of Reinforcement?
PND stands for this.
*the gold standard is 75% or higher PND
it indicates strong treatment effect.
What is Percentage of Non overlapping Data?
100%=no overlap
0%= all overlap
NCR. Means getting something for free.
giving attention, edible, etc without any strings attached.
Rapidly repeating 2 or more treatments across sessions.
What is Alternating treatments design?
Principle 3: Reinforcers are idiosyncratic. (unique to individual)
Choices in behavior are choices are a function of
effort: required to get it
rate:schedule in which it is delivered
quality: our preference for it
delay: how long we wait to get it.
Reinforcer Dimensions
PZD stands for this.
What is Percentage of Zero data points?
RCT. Means randomly choosing a population or treatment to disperse.
What is a Randomized Clinical trial?
Giving a choice of 2 or more treatments.
What is Concurrent treatment design?
*need for escape is more desirable when work is harder.
Reinforcement principles.
Topography = a form of behavior - hitting, self harm etc.
Response Class = variations in form that are reinforced the same way.
Reinforcement = contingent change in stimulus conditions.
Reinforcement functions.
measures of current level of behavior before intervention
What is baseline data?
Confounds- how are confounding variables held constant between two groups.
Power- how can you increase the chances of finding an effect (large sample size)
Chance- how do you know the differences werent because of chance.
Functional Relations in Randomized Clinical trial?
larger population is better.
Staggering the intro of treatment across people, behaviors or settings.
What is multiple baseline design?
If a child's situation improves and behavior increases because something positive is added or something aversive is subtracted.
Reinforcement