Respiratory Structures
What is the primary site of gas exchange in the lungs?
Alveoli
During inspiration, does intrapulmonic pressure increase or decrease?
Decrease
Most CO₂ is transported in the blood in what form?
Bicarbonate
The respiratory control center is located in which part of the brain?
Medulla Oblongata & Pons
What happens to breathing rate during exercise?
Increases
This structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.
Epiglottis
What is the term for the volume of air exchanged per breath?
Tidal Volume
Hemoglobin has a higher affinity for this gas than for oxygen, making it dangerous to inhale.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Peripheral chemoreceptors detect changes in which gases to regulate ventilation?
Oxygen (O₂) & Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
A rightward shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve enhances oxygen delivery to tissues. What factor does NOT cause this shift?
Increase in pH
Which large airway conducts air into the lungs but does not participate in gas exchange?
Primary Bronchus
Which law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases?
Dalton’s Law
The Bohr effect describes how a decrease in pH affects hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen. Does it shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve left or right?
Right
Hyperventilation before holding your breath lowers the levels of which gas?
CO2
What term describes the extra oxygen consumed after exercise to restore homeostasis?
EPOC
Name the dome-shaped muscle responsible for inspiration.
Diaphragm
What is the name of the reflex that prevents overinflation of the lungs?
Hering-Breuer Reflex
According to Fick’s Law, gas exchange increases when this factor increases.
Partial Pressure Gradient
Which term describes the point during intense exercise where ventilation increases disproportionately to oxygen consumption?
Ventilatory Threshold (VT)
Which condition is characterized by difficulty breathing due to airway constriction, often triggered by exercise?
Exercise-Induced Asthma