INFECTION PREVENTION BASICS & CHAIN OF INFECTION
__________ ___________ prevents and controls the spread of disease.
This is the single most important thing nursing assistants can do to prevent the spread of disease.
wash hands
This is equipment that helps protect employees from serious injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards.
PPE
personal protective equipment
These precautions are used in addition to Standard Precautions for persons who are infected or may be infected with certain infectious diseases.
transmission-based precautions
B__________ p_________ are microorganisms found in human blood that can cause infection and disease in humans.
bloodborne pathogens
This highly contagious airborne disease is caused by bacteria that usually affect the lungs and is spread through mucous droplets suspended in the air.
TB
tuberculosis
These living things are so small they are only visible under a microscope.
microbes
microorganisms
Hand hygiene as washing hands with soap and water or using this alcohol-based product.
hand sanitizer
Name at least four examples of PPE commonly used in facilities.
mask
gloves
gown
goggles
face shield
This type of precaution prevents the spread of pathogens that can be transmitted through the air.
Airborne Precautions
What are the two major bloodborne diseases in the United States?
HIV/AIDS
Hepatitis
This disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus spreads through respiratory droplets and airborne transmission.
COVID-19
This type of infection is limited to a specific location in the body.
localized infection
When washing hands, nursing assistants should use friction for at least ______ seconds.
20
An NA should wear gloves anytime...
the NA may come into contact with infectious material.
This type of precaution is used for diseases spread by droplets in the air that normally do not travel more than 6 feet.
droplet precautions
OSHA requires facilities to provide free _________ vaccines to healthcare workers.
hepatitis B
Name one of the two common types of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) discussed in chapter 5.
MRSA
VRE
The six links in the chain of infection are:
causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host
Standard Precautions means treating mucous membranes and body fluids as if they were __________.
infected
infectious
What is the name of the container where nurses and doctors should put used syringes?
sharps container
This type of precaution is used when the resident may spread an infection by direct contact with a person or object, or by touching contaminated areas, blood, body fluids, or contaminated items.
contact precautions
True or False:
If an NA finds an uncapped syringe, she should put the cap back on before putting the syringe in the sharps container.
False!
Recapping a syringe can cause an accidental needle stick.
This spore-forming bacterium causes watery diarrhea and requires handwashing with soap and water because alcohol-based hand sanitizer is not effective.
C. diff
C. difficile
The primary route of disease transmission in the healthcare setting is __________________.
the hands of healthcare workers
Skin that is open or injured is non________ skin.
nonintact skin
What is the first step of donning PPE?
wash hands
A resident with an extremely infectious disease might be kept in __________, that is, completed alone.
isolation
True or False
It's okay to wash gloves and use them again if an NA knows a resident is not infectious.
False!
We can't see pathogens!
What type of mask should a NA wear when dealing with an extremely contagious airborne disease like COVID-19 or TB?
N-95 mask