Ch. 5
Bottom up processing analysis begins with the.....
Sensory receptors
The process of ________________ is acquiring, through experience, new information or relatively enduring behaviors is......
learning
An event that strengthens the behavior it follows is a(n)............
reinforcement
The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and a stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is called
discrimination
Slot machines work on what type of reinforcement schedule
partial reinforcement
A mental predisposition that influences what we perceive
perceptual set
___________________ is any event or situation that evokes a response
stimulus
A chamber contining a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a reward is .....................
A Skinner box
The type of learning in which behavior is diminished if followed by a punisher is called
Operant conditioning
A schedule of reinforcement that reinforces after an unpredictable number of responses is called...............
Variable-ratio schedule
Due to the brain's circuitry memories are likely to be most quickly evoked by exposure to ......
fragrant odors
The first experimental studies of associative learning were conducted by...........
Ivan Pavlov
Extinction orrurs when a _____________ is no longer paired with a ____________
CS:US
____________ is a procedure in which reinforcers are used to guide actions closer and closer to a desired behavior
Shaping
A reinforcement schedule that reinforces after a set number of responses or a fixed period of time.
fixed-interval
The ability to adjust to changed sensory input is called.....
perceptual adaptation
The type of learning in which one comes to associate 2 stimuli and thereby anticipate events is called ______________
Classical conditioning
Shaping in a procedure used in what type of conditioning....................
operant conditioning
Any stimulus that when presented after a response strengthens the response is called................
positive reinforcer
Taking away a driver's license of a reckless driver is intended to serve as what type of punishment.......
negative punishment
____________ is one that is below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness
subliminal stimulus
A real estate agent showed Gavin several pictures of lake-shore property while they were eating a delicious mouth watering meal. Later Gavin was given a tour of the property, he drooled with delight. For Gavin the Lake shore property was a ..............
Conditioned Stimulus
The occurrence of spontaneous recovery suggests that during extinction the __________________ is suppressed.
Conditioned response
____________reinforcement followed by ________________ reinforcement provides the best conditions for a response to be learned rapidly and that is most resistant to extinction.
Continuous:partial
The existence of ________________ is believed to provide a biological basis for observational learning
Mirror neurons