5.1 The Cell Cycle
In which stage of the cell cycle do the nucleus and its contents divide?
mitosis
The processes of mitosis and cytokinesis produce two identical
daughter cells
Proteins that bind to cells and stimulate cell division are called
growth factors
The most common form of reproduction among prokaryotes is
asexual - binary fission
What is the sequence that shows the progression from least complex structure to most complex structure?
cell tissue organ organ system organism
During the gap 1 stage of the cell cycle, a cell
carries out its normal functions
The process of organizing and condensing DNA into its compact form takes place at the start of
a. interphase.
b. metaphase.
c. mitosis.
d. cytokinesis
c. mitosis.
What is the term for the programmed death of cells?
apoptosis
What is the main difference between binary fission and mitosis?
a. There is no DNA replication in binary fission.
b. Two parents are required for mitotic reproduction.
c. Binary fission occurs in single-celled organisms only.
d. Mitosis takes place only in sexual reproduction.
c. Binary fission occurs in single-celled organisms only.
Define organ system
group of organs that work together
Which of the following phrases best describes cytokinesis?
a. division of the cytoplasm
b. division of the nucleus
c. division of DNA
d. division of surface area
a. division of the cytoplasm
What is the term for proteins that organize and condense long strands of DNA into tight coils?
histones
Two internal factors that are important in advancing the cell cycle are
kinases and CDKs (cyclines)
Asexual reproduction results in
genetically identical offspring
Which of the following is a direct result of a normal cell's ability to express only certain genes?
a. Cells can become totipotent.
b. Cells can grow and reproduce.
c. Cells can mutate and adapt.
d. Cells can differentiate and specialize.
d. Cells can differentiate and specialize.
Which statement is true about the rates of cell division in eukaryotes?
a. They remain the same for the life of the organism.
b. They are faster than that of prokaryotes.
c. They increase with the age of the organism.
d. They vary greatly within an organism.
d. They vary greatly within an organism.
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate from each other?
anaphase
Define cancer
uncontrolled cell growth
Starfish that reproduce by splitting into pieces are reproducing by
fragmentation
Stem cells are important to multicellular organisms because of their
capacity to differentiate.
Which of the following limits the maximum size of a cell?
a. the stage of the cell cycle
b. the ratio of cell surface area to volume
c. the number of mitochondria in the cell
d. the size of the organism
b. the ratio of cell surface area to volume
How is cytokinesis different in animal vs. plant cells?
animal cells form furrow or cleavage that gives way to formation of daughter cells. Due to the existence of the rigid cell wall, plant cells don’t form furrows. Instead, they from cell plate at the center of the dividing cells separating the two forming components. During telophase, plant cells phragmoplast forms in the center of the cell.
Substances known to produce or promote cancer are called
carcinogens
Vegetative reproduction, budding, and fragmentation are examples of
asexual mitotic reproduction
totipotent - growing into any other cell type
pluripotent - growing into any cell type but a totipotent cell
multipotent - growing into cells of a closely related cell family