Stoichiometry
The two most important rules of stoichiometry
What are 1) Everything must be in moles and 2) Use mole ratios to compound mole quantities of compounds in a chemical reaction?
Oxidation number
What is the number of electrons lost by an element?
These two chemical reactions are opposites of each other
What are synthesis and decomposition?
LEO says GER
What is Lose electrons = oxidation and gain electrons = reduction?
The subscripts in a chemical reaction indicate this
What are the states of matter that the elements or compounds are in?
In order to go from moles of a substance to grams of a substance you must do this
What is put the grams on top and multiply by the molar mass (1 mol/the molar mass in g of the compound)?
When determining the oxidation numbers for a compound, this is something that should always be close at hand.
What are the rules for determining oxidation numbers?
What is when a lone element replaces another in a compound? A + BC --> AC + B
Theoretical yield
What is the yield we expect to get if the chemical reaction goes as planned?
What is yields or the direction in which the chemical reaction is proceeding?
The math behind all chemical reactions is known as this.
What is stoichiometry?
The oxidation numbers for the following:
PBr3
UF6
As2O5
What are as follows:
P = +3 Br =-1
U = +6 F =-1
As = +5 O =-2
Combustion reaction components
What is a fuel plus oxygen yields carbon dioxide and water?
What is heat has been added or removed from the chemical reaction?
Write the chemical formula for the following:
Butane C4H10 reacts in a combustion reaction
What is C4H10 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O?
True or False. In order to properly solve a stoichiometry problem the following must be done first:
Write out the chemical formula
Balance the chemical formula
Take what is given and convert it into moles
What is true? There are additional steps, but these are the first steps to every stoichiometry problem.
This is a good rule of thumb to follow when finding the oxidation number of a polyatomic ion
What is keep the polyatomic ion together rather than splitting it into elements because the charge on the polyatomic ion is the oxidation number for the compound?
An example of a synthesis reaction
What are any of the following:
H2 + O yields water
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
Activity Series of Metals
What is a table used to determine the reactivity of various metals with acids, water, and/or oxygen?
The purpose of percent yield
What is to determine how accurate and how precise you were in performing an experiment?
The limiting reactant in a chemical reaction
What is the reactant which is consumed first and therefore limits the amount of product made from the chemical reaction?
True or False. If there is no net charge on an element or compound, then the oxidation number is equal to 0.
What is true?
Identify the type of reaction for each of the following:
4 P + 3 O2 --> 2 P2O3
Pb(NO3)2 + 2 KCl --> PbCl2 + 2 KNO3
H2CO3 --> CO2 + H2O
What is the following:
Synthesis
Double Replacement
Decomposition
Law of Conservation of Mass in Chemical Reactions
What is in any chemical reaction, the total mass of the products will equal the total mass of the reactants?
True or False. There is a general formula for oxidation-reduction reactions and acid-base neutralizations.
What is false?