Racial Equality: Two Centuries of Struggle
Race, the Constitution, and Public Policy
Affirmative Action
Women, the Constitution, and Public Policy
100
Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals
What is civil rights?
100
The constitutional amendment ratified after the Civil War that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude.
What is Thirteenth Amendment?
100
A policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group.
What is Affirmative Action?
100
This woman may have been practically alone in her feminist views in the 1770s, but the next century brought significant feminist activity.
Who is Abigail Adams?
200
"All men are created equal" was stated in what document.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
200
1857 Supreme Court decision ruling that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories.
What is Scott v. Sandford
200
A 1978 Supreme Court decision holding that a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race.
What is Regents of the University of California v. Bakke?
200
On July 19, 1848, 100 men and women signed the...
What is Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions?
300
A belief in equal rights has often led to a belief in...
What is equality of opportunity?
300
1954 Supreme Court decision holding that school segregation in Topeka, Kans., was inherently unconstitutional because it violated the 14th Amendment's guarantee of equal protection.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
300
A 1995 Supreme Court decision holding that federal programs that classify people by race, even for an ostensibly benign purpose such as expanding opportunities for minorities, should be presumed to be unconstitutional.
What is Aderand Constructors v. Pena?
300
Constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote.
What is the 19th Amendment?
400
No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; not shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process law.
What is the Fourteenth Amendment?
400
The constitutional amendment passed in 1964 that declared poll taxes void in federal elections.
What is the 24th Amendment?
400
Opposition is especially strong when people view affirmative action as...
What is Reverse Discrimination?
400
This group of activists may face the toughest battle for equality.
Who are Gay and Lesbians?
500
In 1880, the Supreme Court invalidated a law barring African Americans from jury service, but the Court refused to extend the amendment to remedy more subtle kinds of discrimination.
What is the Strauder v West Virginia?
500
The Court rejected the efforts of the Justice Department to achieve the maximum possible number of minority districts.
What is Miller v. Johnson?
500
The banning of state affirmative action programs based on race, ethnicity, or gender in public hiring, contracting, and educational admissions.
What is Proposition 209?
500
The Court made it clear that employers are responsible for preventing and eliminating harassment at work.
What is Faragher v. City of Boca Raton?
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