Chapter 5: Genes and DNA

Vocabulary

100

This is the molecule that contains the information that determines the traits of a living thing.

What is DNA?

200

These subunits of DNA consist of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.

What are nucleotides?

300

This is known as ribonucleic acid, and is a temporary copy of DNA used in protein synthesis.

What is RNA?

400

This is the site of protein synthesis.

What is a ribosome?

500

Changes in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule.

What is a mutation?

DNA Structure

100

The process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA.      

Transcription

200

Change in DNA sequence.

Mutation

300

An individual who has two identical alleles for a gene

Homozygous

400

Structure within the nucleus of the cell that contains DNA.

Chromosome

500

The complete set of DNA of an organism.

Genome

RNA

100

Basic unit of inheritance, a segment of DNA that codes for a functional protein or RNA.

 Gene

200

Long strings of amino acids form these.

What are proteins?

300

The observable characteristics of an organism, result of the interaction between their genotype and the environment.

Phenotype

400

 Each of the alternative versions of a gene.

Inheritance

500

Transmission of characteristics from parents to children.

Allele

Mutations

100

 The process by which genetic information is used

to make proteins or RNA.

Inheritance

200

1. Each of our _______ consists of tightly coiled DNA.

a. chromosomes
b. cell proteins
c. nucleotides
d. amino acids

A

300

1. The fusion of your father’s sperm and your mother’s egg is referred to as

a. gene expression.
b. spermatization.
c. fertilization.
d. epigenetics.

C

400

1. Even though your body changes and you develop new physical and behavioral characteristics, your _______ never changes.

a. archetype
b. phenotype
c. appearance
d. genotype

D

500

.   In cases where only one of two identical twins develops schizophrenia, all of the following factors may be responsible except

.     a. birth weight.

.     b. birth order.

.     c. nutrition.

.     d. nurturing.

B

DNA in the Cell

100

This is where DNA is stored in our cells.

What is the nucleus?

200

These are strands of DNA wound around proteins.

What is chromatin?

300

This consists of a string of nucleotides that give the cell information about how to make specific traits.

What is a gene?

400

Lots of chromatin is formed into this.

What are chromatids?

500

2 chromatids make 1 of these.

What is a chromosome?