Functions
What are the 5 functions known with the Integumentary system?
1. Protection
2. Sensation
3. Temperature Regulation
4. Vitamin D Protection
5. Excretion
What are the two main layers skin is made of? Plus the beneath the skin.
-Epidermis
-Dermis
-Hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)
Where is the basale layer of the stratum?
It is the deepest portion of the epidermis- before the dermis layer
What is the visible hair that we see above the skin?
The shaft
What are the 3 glands within the skin?
1. Sebaceous Glands
2. Eccrine Glands
3. Apocrine Glands
How does heat exchange in the skin?
The blood vessels will dilate, then heat loss will occur through the epidermis. The heat loss evaporation of reduces the body temperature. Blood vessels constricts and heat loss decreased across the epidermis
What are the 2 layers within the dermis layer?
Papillary and Reticular
What is produced in the Spinosum layer?
New Desmosome, lipid-filled lamellar bodies, and additional keratin fibers
What are the 3 layers that makes up the hair root
Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle
What does the Sebaceous gland do?
Prevents drying and inhibits some bacteria
What is the sensations we can feel in our integumentary system?
Pressure, temperature, pain, heat, cold, touch, movement of hairs
What are the 5 layers of the stratum epidermis?
1. Basale (Deepest layer)
2. Spinosum
3. Granulosum
4. Lucidum
5. Corneum
What does the lamellar bodies release into the extracellular space once they move through the plasma membrane in the Granulosum?
Lipid contents
What is the term for spot baldness due to autoimmune response?
Alopecia areata
Which gland is common in the palms and soles, and helps with temperature regulation?
Eccrine Gland
How does the Vitamin D occur? Why is it so important?
UV rays come from the skin and hits our skin where it converts cholecalciferol. Cholecalciferol gets modified in the liver before the final modification in the kidney to calcitriol which the active Vitamin D. We need Vitamin for calcium production to aid in nutrition and proper bone strengths and growth
Multi Question Prompt: We have thick and thin skin
1. What is the difference between the thick and thin skin?
2. Where can we locate thick skin on the body?
3. Where can we locate thin skin on the body?
1. Thick skin has all 5 stratum layers, but the thin skin only has 4 layers as it is missing the Lucidum layer
2. Fingerprints and footprints
3. Covers the rest of the body (minus the fingerprints and footprints)
What layer of the stratum is the thin, clear zone of dead keratinocytes?
Stratum Lucidum
If you have hair that grows down to your waist, what and where is the stage that allows for it to get that long?
It is the growth stage which starts at the scalp where the new cells are added at the base (scalp) and grows but elongating the hair
What glad is active during puberty and has an odor when active with bacteria?
Apocrine Gland
What kind of waste removal occurs during the excretion?
When we sweat, we excrete water, urea, ammonia, and uric acid (our kidneys do more work though in another system but sweating still helps us)
What are the 3 factors that determine skin color?
1. Pigments in the skin
2. Blood circulation
3. Thickness of the stratum corneum (the top layer of the epidermis)
What layer of the stratum is the top layer with the most layers?
Stratum Corneum
What is the muscle that is in our skin that allows the hair to stand on it's end/ give us goose bumps?
Arrector pili
1. What other gland is associated with the Eccrine Gland?
2. What other gland is associated with the Apocrine Gland?
1. Ceruminous gland (earwax)
2. Mammary Glands