Cell Basics
What is the basic unit of life?
Answer: A cell.
Question: Which organelle contains DNA and helps control cell activities?
Answer: Nucleus.
Question: What rigid outer structure gives plant cells support and protection?
Answer: Cell wall.
Question: What is the process of maintaining stable internal conditions called?
Answer: Homeostasis.
Question: What type of transport moves substances across a cell membrane without using cellular energy?
Answer: Passive transport.
Question: What are the three main statements of cell theory?
Answer: All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells.
Question: Which organelle releases usable energy from food?
Answer: Mitochondrion (mitochondria).
Question: Which organelle allows plant cells to use sunlight to make food?
Answer: Chloroplast.
Question: When your body needs water, what feeling encourages you to drink?
Answer: Thirst.
Question: What is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane called?
Answer: Osmosis.
Question: What do we call an organism made of only one cell?
Answer: Unicellular organism.
Question: What tiny structures make proteins?
Answer: Ribosomes.
Question: What large structure stores water and helps support a plant cell?
Answer: Central vacuole.
Question: What type of feedback reverses a change and helps restore balance?
Answer: Negative feedback.
Question: A cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration outside than inside. What type of solution is it? (water leaves cell)
Answer: Hypertonic solution.
Question: Put these in order from smallest to largest: organ, cell, organ system, tissue, organism.
Answer: Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism.
Question: Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials?
Answer: Golgi apparatus
Question: What is the region containing DNA in a bacterial cell called?
Answer: Nucleoid.
Question: What type of feedback strengthens or increases an initial change?
Answer: Positive feedback.
Question: What type of passive transport uses membrane proteins to help substances cross the cell membrane?
Answer: Facilitated diffusion.
Question: What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Answer: Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
Question: What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
Answer: Rough ER has ribosomes attached and helps process proteins. Smooth ER does not have ribosomes and helps make lipids.
Question: Name two structures found in bacterial cells that can help with protection or movement. .
Answer: Capsule (protection) and flagellum (movement)
Question: When ATP levels are high, ATP binds to PFK and slows its activity. What type of feedback does this demonstrate?
Answer: Negative feedback.
Question: What type of transport requires cellular energy and can move substances against their concentration gradient?
Answer: Active transport.