Lesson 1
A physical feature on Earth's surface is called _____________.
landform
What do we call a scientist who uses rocks to learn about Earth's history and structure?
geologist
An opening in Earth's crust through which lava may flow is called __________________.
volcano
Earth's water feature where river water and ocean water meet is called ______________.
estuary
_________ covers 40% of the ocean floor.
Abyssal plains
A deep valley with high, steep sides is called _________________.
canyon
Hot, melted rock below the Earth's surface is called ____________.
magma
A stationary pool of magma is called ___________.
hot spot
1. The layer of Earth's interior below the crust is __________.
2. The liquid later of iron and nickel below Earth's mantle is called ____________.
1. mantle
2. outer core
Which layer of earth covers 70% of the earth's surface?
hydrosphere
Arrange them from land to sea.
(continental rise / continental shelf / continental slope)
continental shelf -> continental slope -> continental rise
What is the theory that explains how continents were joined together like a completed jigsaw puzzle?
continental drift
Where do volcanoes form?
Volcanoes form on land and on the ocean floor.
1. Hot, melted rock below the Earth's surface is called ____________.
2. Hot, melted rock that reaches Earth's surface is called _____________.
1. magma
2. lava
Which land form was created over millions of years by lava erupting from a hot spot under the ocean floor?
What do we call this land form?
The Hawaiian Island
Island chain
What is a map that shows the elevation of an area using colors and shading called?
How many dimensions does it show? (What do they show?)
It is a relief map.
It has only two dimensions: length and width.
1. Mesosaurus could travel across the larger continents. ( T / F )
2. Mesosaurus swam through the salt water in the ocean. ( T / F )
3. A fossil of Mesosaurus has been found in South America and Africa. ( T / F )
1. T
2. F (Mesosaurus is a freshwater reptile)
3. T
1. built by layers of sh and cinder sandwiched between layers of hardened lava
2. built by thinner, fluid lava that spreads over a large area
3. built by thick lava that is thrown high into the air and falls as a chunks of cinders
1. Composite volcanoes
2. Shield volcanoes
3. Cinder-cone volcanoes
The Sierra Nevada in the western United States are examples of ____________.
fault-block mountains
An opening of a volcano is called _________.
vent
1. Explain how a surveyor measures land
2. how a mapmaker show changes in elevation on a map
1. Surveyor measures the elevation in a specific location. They may leave an object such as a benchmark or permanent reference point.
2. draw a shaded picture of the land
The ____________ can cause Earth's crust to break apart a fault. When this happens, one side of the fault moves up and the other side moves down producing _________________.
shear / fault-block mountains
1. Sometimes magma cools and hardens before it reaches the ____________.
2. What are dike, sill, laccolith and batholith?
1. surface
2.
dike - hardens in vertical cracks
sill- hardens between horizontal layers
laccolith - pushes upward and form dome shape
batholith - largest and deepest underground magma formation
What is a volcano that has not erupted for some time?
A dormant volcano
False. Contour lines are used for topographical map.