Plasma Membrane and Membrane Permeability
What quality of the plasma membrane allows it to regulate the substances that enter and exist?
What is selective permeability?
These qualities are found in particles that can pass easily across the plasma membrane. (give 3)
What is small, nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules?
These qualities are found in particles that have difficult passage or need protein assistance to cross the plasma membrane. (at least 3)
What are hydrophilic, polar, large molecules, ions?
This solution results in no net movement of water.
What is isotonic solution?
These proteins catalyze reactions.
What are enzymes?
These are embedded into the lipid bilayer of plasma membrane and are amphipathic?
What are integral proteins?
This transport occurs because the solute is moving with its concentration or electrochemical gradient.
What is passive transport?
This transport occurs when the solute moves against its concentration gradient.
What is Active transport?
This ability of extracellular solution causes a cell to gain or lose water.
What is tonicity?
The efficiency of enzymes can be affected by these three things.
What is temperature, pH, and chemical?
At high temperatures, this macromolecule helps maintain fluidity of the plasma membrane by reducing movement.
What is cholesterol?
This type of transport occurs with the help of transport proteins.
What is facilitated diffusion?
This spontaneous process move substances from high to low concentration directly across the membrane.
What is diffusion?
This solution results in cells losing water to their extracellular surroundings.
What is hypertonic solution?
Photosynthesis is a type of this reaction because the energy of the sun is being absorbed.
What is endergonic?
This word is used to describe the membrane because it is held together by weak hydrophobic interactions and can move and shift.
What is fluid?
This is the energy source used by cells. (full name)
What is Adenosine Triphosphate?
This channel protein is specific to water.
What is an aquaporin?
A cell works optimally when places in a hypotonic solution.
What is plant cell?
Enzymes lower this in reactions.
What is activation energy?
These are important for cell-to cell recognition are are bonded to the proteins in the plasma membrane.
What are Glycoproteins?
Vesicles form this type of membrane bilayer when moving in and out of a cell.
What is lipid?
The cytoplasm has this charge compared to the extracellular fluid.
What is negative?
This occurs to plant cells when the plasma membrane of plant cells pull away from the cell wall and the vacuole shrinks.
What is plasmolysis?
Enzymes with perform better as temperatures increase to a certain point and then do this.
What is denature?
This quality of the phospholipids help maintain the fluidity of the plasma membrane at low temps.
What is unsaturated hydrocarbon tails/kinked tails?
This process secretes molecules via vesicles that fuse to the plasma membrane to the extracellular fluid?
What is exocytosis?
This type of endocytosis occurs when a cell engulfs particles to be digested by lysosomes.
What is Phagocytosis?
This solutions describes when a the concertation of nonpenetrating solutes is lower outside of the cell.
What is hypotonic?
These inhibitors reduce enzyme activity by blocking substrates from binding to the active site.
What is competitive inhibitors?
These are hole-like structures in the cell wall of plants that connected adjacent cells and are filled with cytosol?
What is plasmodesmata?
This transport has one substance move in a favorable direction and another substance in an unfavorable direction.
What is cotransport?
This electrogenic pump results in a +1 net charge to the extracellular fluid in animal cells.
What is the Sodium Potassium pump?
This occurs to an animal cell when the net flow of water is into the cell.
What is cytolysis?
These inhibitors bind to an area other than the active site and change the shape of the active site preventing substrates from binding.
What is noncompetitive inhibitors?