Vocabulary
Cultures Clash on the Prairie
Settling on the Great Plains
Farmers and the Populist Movement
Miscellaneous
100
What passed in 1887 aimed to "Americanize" Native Americans?
Dawes Act
100
What were the main reasons the cattle frontier came to an end?
Barbed Wire
Overgrazing
Extended Bad Weather
100
What Acts led to innovations allowing the dry eastern plains to become the "breadbasket of the nation?"
Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890
Hatch Act of 1887
100
Who started the Patrons of Husbandry and what was it?
Oliver Hudson Kelley
An organization of farmers that became popularly known as the Grange.
100
The major cattle route from San Antonio, TX through Oklahoma to Kansas.
Chrisholm Trail
200
What is Populism?
The movement of the people.
Led to founding of Populist movement in 1892.
200
The government closed the Bozeman trail and created _________________ which leaders of the Sioux were forced to sign. This made the Sioux live on a reservation along the Mississippi River.
Treaty of Fort Laramie
200
A new type of farming that arose in the 1870's.
Bonanza Farming
200
Who were Gold Bugs?
Businessmen and Bankers.
Supported the gold standard - backing dollars solely with gold.
200
What was the role of women on the frontier?
Women often worked alongside men in the fields. They sheared sheep and made clothing. They canned and cooked. They also did many other things.
300
What is the Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890?
It gave federal land to the states to finance agricultural colleges.
300
Who was George A. Custer?
Custer's Last Stand - Seventh Calvary
Crazy Horse, Gall, and Sitting Bull killed the Seventh Calvary June 1876.
He reported that the Black Hills had gold “from the grass roots down" - Gold Rush
300
What did the Homestead Act do?
Passed in 1862 the Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen. From 1862-1900, 600,000 people took advantage of this.
300
Who was William McKinley and why was his election important?
He was the 25th president of the United States.
Nominated by the Republican Party which was committed to the gold standard.
His election led to the end of Populism.
300
What inventions allowed for easier farming on the prairie?
Barbed Wire
Reaper
Steel Plow
Steel Windmill
400
___________ is a plan under which Native Americans would give up their beliefs and way of life and become part of white culture.
Assimilation
400
He was the leader of the Hunkpapa Sioux.
His most famous fight was at the Little Bighorn River. Had a vision of soldiers and Native Americans falling off their horses leading to Custer's Last Stand.
He surrendered to the federal government in 1881 after hiding out in Canada. He then appeared in William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody's Wild West Show to prevent starvation (1885).
Lived from 1831-1890
400
What was a soddy?
A soddy is a house made by stacking blocks of prairie turf. They were warm in winter and cool during the summer.
400
What was the Panic of 1893?
Railroads went bankrupt because they expanded faster than the markets. This led to an economic downturn as people panicked. Silver mines closed as did other businesses. Banks collapsed and many people suffered from unemployment, especially farming families.
400
Who was William Jennings Bryan?
Nebraska Congressman, Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson, editor of the Omaha World-Herald. He was the Democratic candidate that ran against William McKinley. Gave the "Cross of Gold" speech.
500
What is an exoduster?
African Americans who moved from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas.
Many settlers who took advantage of the Homestead Act were exodusters.
500
The Battle of Wounded Knee
12/28/1890 - Seventh Calvary rounded up 350 Sioux and brought them to a camp at Wounded Knee in South Dakota. Soldiers demanded the Native Americans give up their weapons and a shot was fired (no one knows which side fired). The Cavalry began firing and killed up to 300 Native Americans including children who were mostly unarmed. Corpses were left to freeze. This event ended the Indian Wars.
500
In the 1860's which two railroad companies raced to lay down their track?
The Central Pacific and Union Pacific
500
What is bimetallism and who supported it?
Bimetallism is a monetary system in which the government would give citizens either gold or silver in exchange for paper currency or checks. (Basing money off of Gold and Silver rather than just one of them)
Supported by silverites - farmers and laborers.
500
What did Nathaniel Langford and Henry Washburn do?
Asked Congress to protect the wilderness from settlement. This led to the government creating Yellowstone National Park in 1872.