Planning
What are the four stages of speech planning?
Initial Decisions/Analysis*
Research *
Development of Speech Materials *
Practice.
When selecting an appropriate topic- what are the two main things to consider?
The Audience
The Occasion
What is the difference between a concept map and an outline?
Concept Map:
Visual method of showing how your ideas relate to each other
Quickly draw a simple diagram made of labels with connecting lines to ideas.
Outline:
Written breakdown of your main points followed by words or phrases to identify the essential points a speech will cover.
Completed in an organized form of bullets and indents.
How long should your introduction and conclusion be?
Introduction and Conclusion should be about 10% of your speech each. These should not be more than 15%.
Please identify 3 ways you can Define Unfamiliar Words and Concepts.
* Logical Definition:
Concept is defined into a category
Explains the characteristics that distinguish the concept from all other members of the category.
* Historical and Etymological Definitions
Explain how the word was derived
How it is linked to a historical event
How it was drawn from root words in an older culture.
* Operational Definition
How the object or concept works or operates
* Definition by Negation
Clarify the term by explaining what is it not.
Comparison , Opposite of something.
* Definition by Authority
Meaning becomes the person with the most credibility or the most power
* Definition by Example
Explaining something by pointing at it either verbally orl literally
What steps fall under phase 1: Initial Decisions/Analysis.
Select Topic
Narrow Topic
Clarify Purpose
Develop Thesis
Analyze Topic
Analyze Audience
What is an Informative Speech?
Speech designed to explain, instruct, define, clarify, demonstrate or teach
Please define and provide an example of Chronological Patterns.
Following a time-ordered format
Based on your topic/desired outcomes, you can either follow the pattern of:
Historical Development
Past-Present-Future
Step by Step
What is an Attention Getter
Attention Getter is a few sentences that captures your audience interest and invite them to listen to you
Please list the 3 types of examples you can implement in your speech?
Factual Examples: statements that are universally accepted
Hypothetical Examples: tailored examples to fit the subject as needed.
Statistical Examples: Collection and analysis of numerical data in large quantities
While researching- why is it important to continue researching even after your preliminary and main research is done?
Allows you to find more supporting materials for your speech: Current events, recent interviews, new statistics, etc.
What is an Invitational Speech?
Speech designed to explore a topic with an audience, or invite the audience to respond.
Please define and provide an example of Spatial Patterns.
Speech organization is arranged by points according to the relationship of physical location.
Spatial patterns can relate to geographics in terms of:
Areas on a map
Spatial Divisions of Society
Smaller Areas
Please list 2 Techniques to build relationships.
* Establish Credibility
Use your introduction to gain the audience’s respect for you as a knowledgeable and trustworthy presenter.
* Establish Common Grounds
Emphasize similar backgrounds, experiences, interests, and goals to show what you and your audience share.
* Refer to the Setting/Occasion
Demonstrate personal connections directly with the time/place.
* Flatter your Audience
Everyone likes to be complemented
Audience members who perceive that you like them will be more interested and engaged in your speech.
* Refer to a Person in the audience
Demonstrate that you relate successfully to one of the audience members.
* Use Humor
Show your audience that you both laugh at the same things/ find the same things funny
How can a Testimony make your speech more credible?
When we do not have the opportunity to verify something through our own senses, we rely on the observations of others.
Please list the 4 phases of creativity in order:
Illumination - Incubation - Preparation- Refinement
Preparation
* Incubation
* Illumination
* Refinement
What are some positives about selecting a topic that you have strong opinions and beliefs on?
You will be less self-conscious if you are speaking from a sense of connection.
You will be more passionate and sincere about their topic
Intrinsic Motivation
Please define the two following patterns:
Cause- Effect Patterns
Problem-Solution Patterns
Cause-Effect Patterns are used to show that events that occur in sequence are causally related.
Problem-Solution Patterns begin with a topic of concern, and then explains how the concern can be best addressed.
What is a Conclusion Clincher.
Powerful, memorable closing.
Summary that clearly restates the main ideas of the speech. ( Make sure to paraphrase rather then restating and using identical words).
What are some things to consider when adding statistics to your speech/presentation?
Who collected the data?
Why was the data collected?
When was the data collected?
How was the data collected?
Please briefly describe the four phases of creativity
Preparation
Gathering applicable Materials
Analyzing the topic and Audience
Starting to put pieces together
Incubation
Writers Block - the speech is often set aside
Our unconscious mind and peripheral awareness works on this problem
Illumination
Pieces fit together or there is a dawning awareness that grows in intensity
Realize solutions to the problems
“Creativity Burst”
Refinement
Checking details and making edits
Fine-tuning and Polishing your speech
What is a Persuasive Speech?
What is an Evocative Speech?
Persuasive Speech is designed to influence, convince, motivate, sell, preach, or stimulate action
Evocative Speech is designed to entertain, inspire, celebrate, commemorate, bond, or help listeners relive a significant event.
What is the difference between an informal and a formal outline?
Informal Outline: Quick bullets of your main points followed by quick words/phrases that support them.
Formal Outline: Full sentence outline. Includes your Main Ideas, Thesis and First level of subpoints.
Why is it important to end your speech Memorably?
Helps your audience remember your main points and the importance of your speech.
Allows your audience to still think about your speech even though it has ended.
- A Challenge, Quotation or Story that relates your topic to a larger picture
How can you test the credibility of the authorities you're considering talking about/quoting?
- Is this person qualified?
- Are they an expert on the subject?
- Are they free of bias?
- Does this person have access to the necessary information?