Chapter 6
Individuals from different cultures can vary greatly in their perceptions due to their ____________, which includes group identity, individual identity, beliefs, values, and language.
A) cognitive schema
B) genetic background
C) worldview
D) personality
C) Worldview
In evaluating an instrument for content bias, practitioners need to:
A give the instrument to different groups and compare their performance.
B examine the development procedures and steps taken to control for group differences.
C examine the validity coefficients for different ethnic groups.
D analyze the content of the instruments themselves to see if there are any problems.
examine the development procedures and steps taken to control for group differences.
Clients who perceive their counselors as __________, __________, and __________, tend to have better outcomes in counselor than clients who do not have such perceptions.
intelligent; spontaneous; challenging
humorous; older; warm
reserved; pragmatic; articulate
trustworthy; expert; attractive
D trustworthy; expert; attractive
The first step in identifying appropriate assessment strategies is to:
A consult with a colleague about which tests he or she uses.
B examine the Mental Measurements Yearbook.
C identify what information is needed.
D order an introductory kit from the publisher.
C identify what information is needed.
Holistic rubrics are to analytic rubrics as ________________ is to _____________________.
A reliability; validity
B comprehensive performance assessment; individual-level performance assessment
C formal assessment techniques; informal assessment techniques
D authentic assessments; performance assessment
B comprehensive performance assessment; individual-level performance assessment
A counselor who takes into consideration the role of culture in the manifestation of a possible disorder is operating from a(n) _______________ approach to assessment.
A etic
B emic
C universalist
D ethnocentric
B Emic
A method for analyzing the relative difficulty of individual items for different racial or ethnic groups is __________.
A Differential Item Functioning
B Intercept Bias
C Internal Structure Analysis
D Item Discrimination Index
A Differential Item Functioning
With regard to fairness in assessment, Helms (2006) suggest that when interpreting test scores, counselors should consider the client’s:
A level of intelligence.
B past experience with psychological testing and psychotherapy.
C family history and presence of significant life stressors.
D psychological characteristics and internalized racial or cultural experiences.
d psychological characteristics and internalized racial or cultural experiences.
Sufficient knowledge about the specifics of an appraisal instrument can only be gained through:
A graduate-level training.
B thoroughly reading a textbook about appraisal in counseling.
C thorough examination of the test manual and materials.
D practice with administering the test prior to utilizing it with a client.
C thorough examination of the test manual and materials.
When interviewing children, counselors should:
A gear the interview toward the child's developmental level and provide an explanation of why they are asking questions.
B skip over any questions the child appears to be reluctant to answer.
C ask closed-ended questions because children cannot answer open-ended questions.
D typically use an established structured interview.
A gear the interview toward the child's developmental level and provide an explanation of why they are asking questions.
Postmodernists suggest that ____________ has a pervasive influence affecting perceptions of reality, and should be considered in all assessment techniques
a language
b persistence
c motivation
d self-esteem
a Language
In examining an instrument for possible bias, the counselor should examine the internal structure of the instrument and determine if:
a there are group differences on the criterion.
B the reliability coefficients are different for different groups.
C the morning group is appropriate for use with certain clients.
D experts have reviewed the instrument for possible bias.
Correct Answer the reliability coefficients are different for different groups.
When scoring assessments, clinical judgment:
A must sometimes be used as part of the scoring process.
B should not play a role in the scoring process.
C shoulD always be used to judge if the scoring is unbiased.
D should only be used by expert clinicians.
A must sometimes be used as part of the scoring process.
What is the major resource typically used by practitioners to obtain critiques of instruments?
A Psychological Abstracts
B Standards of Educational and Psychological Tests
C Tests in Print
D Mental Measurements Yearbook
D Mental Measurements Yearbook
An effective initial interview should involve a balance of gathering information and:
A describing the theoretical orientation of the clinician.
B beginning the implementation of therapeutic interventions.
C building a therapeutic relationship.
D establishing ground rules for fee payment.
B building a therapeutic relationship.
Helms et al. (2005) assert that rather than using race to categorize assessment results, the construct of _________________ is more effective in explaining significant differences in assessment of cognitive abilities and other areas of psychological assessment.
A cultural preference
B racial identity
C gender identity
D worldview
B Racial Identity
If a counselor is using an instrument that has subscales with an African-American client, the counselor should examine whether the __________ of the instrument has been examined with an African-American sample.
A variance
B incremental validity
C predictability
D factor structure
d factor structure
If the intercept for an instrument that predicted college performance was higher for the majority group than the minority group, then the instrument would:
a under predict minority group members’ performance.
B over predict minority group members’ performance.
C predict the same for majority and minority individuals.
D have reliability problems for the minority group.
B over predict minority group members’ performance.
Detailed information about the development of an instrument and psychometric properties are:
A not something counselors should be concerned about.
B always adequately provided by the publishers of the instruments.
C very important factors to take into consideration when evaluating the potential use of an instrument.
D important components that should be explained in detail to clients.
C very important factors to take into consideration when evaluating the potential use of an instrument.
A psychosocial interview is typically associated with:
A Wechsler's specific questions on psychosocial development.
B gathering client background information.
C instruments that measure psychosocial development.
D determining the client's developmental level.
B gathering client background information.
Substantial research suggests that minority students tend to be __________________ in special education.
A underrepresented
B equally represented
C misrepresented
D overrepresented
D overrepresented
If an instrument has slope bias, then the instrument would:
A predict differently for different groups.
B be biased for one group but not the other.
C predict the same criterion performance for everyone.
D have different intercepts.
A predict differently for different groups.
A counselor who is assessing a client not represented in the instrument’s norming group should:
A only proceed if the instrument has high reliability and validity.
B proceed if there are individuals somewhat similar to the client in the norming group.
C carefully consider how the information is going to be used and interpret the results very cautiously.
D never use any instruments unless the client’s cultural background is highly represented.
C carefully consider how the information is going to be used and interpret the results very cautiously.
The type of relationship an examiner has with the examinee should:
A depend on what is stipulated in the instrument's manual.
B always be warm and caring so the examinee feels comfortable in the testing setting.
C be somewhat aloof so the examinee knows that the assessment is important.
D be up to the clinical judgment of the examiner.
A depend on what is stipulated in the instrument's manual.
When interviewing clients, counselors need to attend to both the _____________ and the __________ of the interview.
A breadth; depth
B specificity; intensity
C content; process
D length; structure
C content; process