Vision (Chapter 6)
What is the type of Photoreceptor that detects color?
Cones
Amplitude is the ____ of a wave
Height
True or False? Gustation is Smell
False
If you are looking at a photo of a highway and the two sides of the road seem to touch at the horizon, which monocular cue is being utilized?
Linear Perspective (Convergance of parallel lines)
If you see a group of dots arranged in a straight line and another group in a curved line, you see them as two paths. Which principle is this?
Closure
The Blind Spot is the area of the eye where the ____ leaves
Optic Nerve
What is the difference between loudness and pitch?
Loudness is how loud a sound is, and pitch is how high or low a sound is
Why are Bitter foods a warning sign to the brain?
Because most poisons are bitter
Describe how Relative Size helps us determine distance when looking at two cars on a road
If we assume two cars are similar in size, the one that casts a smaller image on the retina is seen as being farther away
How does the brain decide which part of a visual field is the "Figure" and which is the "Ground" when the image is high-contrast but lacks depth?
The brain typically identifies the smaller and more surrounded shape as the figure. The larger, more expansive area is seen as the ground
What is the function of the Lens?
Bends light to focus it directly on the Retina
What is Sound Localization?
How we determine where a sound came from by determining which ear it was louder in
Mike is going to Carowinds for the first time. He goes on the Afterburn and notices after that he feels super dizzy. What causes this and what sense does this apply to?
Vestibular Sense & the semicircular canals’ fluid is still moving around even after the ride
Explain how Retinal Disparity works to provide a sense of depth
Because our eyes are in different positions, they see slightly different images; the brain compares these differences to calculate how far away an object is
Beyond just "grouping," what is the primary goal of the brain according to Gestalt Psychology?
To organize information into a meaningful, organized whole
What causes Transduction to occur during the vision process?
When the light being received activates neurons in the retina
What is the Cocktail Party Effect?
If you are in a room and someone says your name even if you are not paying attention to them, your brain will turn your attention towards whoever said your name
Jimmy is a picky eater. He doesn’t like to eat broccoli, he can’t tolerate much spicy food and he hates coffee. What kind of taster could Jimmy be?
Supertaster
Find the main difference between Relative Size and Relative Height as depth cues.
Relative Size assumes two objects are similar and judges distance by which looks smaller; Relative Height judges distance based on an object's position higher or lower in the visual field
Explain how Reversible Figures (like the "Vase/Two Faces") challenge the Figure-Ground principle
They show that the brain can flip which part of an image it considers the "object" and which it considers the "background," but it cannot focus on both as the "figure" at the same time
Write a short explanation of the difference between Monochromatism and Dichromatism
Dichromatism is where you can’t see the difference between certain shades of colors, and Monochromatism is where you only see gray
Chris went to a rock concert and had seats right next to the biggest speakers at the venue. When he got home he noticed that he was beginning to go deaf. What happened to Chris and what kind of deafness is he experiencing?
Sensorineural Deafness, the hair cells in the cochlea were damaged due to the loud noises
Write a short scenario where the Gate Control Theory is used
Any answer where they mention that the low priority pain is ignored
You are looking at a field of flowers. Explain how the brain uses the Texture Gradient to determine which flowers are 5 feet away versus 50 feet away
The brain looks at "density" and "roughness." Flowers at 5 feet show more detailed petals and stems; at 50 feet, the details blend into one smooth mass of color
Describe a real-world example where the principle of Similarity could be used to organize information quickly in a high-stress environment (like a cockpit or hospital).
Color-coding buttons or files. An example such as all emergency "stop" buttons are red, so the brain automatically groups them as doing the same thing regardless of their actual location. Answers may vary on this one. Just know the definition and how to differentiate.