Habit, Rabbit, Dab-it
This is the simplest form of learning - the decrease of a human's response to stimuli due to the stimuli repeating and NOT being a threat to the human.
Habituation
This element of classical conditioning is a stimulus that naturally causes the reflexive response, where no learning has occurred yet.
Unconditioned Stimulus / US
This occurs when stimuli that are similar to the CS have the same power to elicit the CR even though they have never been paired with the US.
Stimulus Generalization
This type of conditioning occurs when we learn from the consequences of our behavior.
Operant Conditioning
This type of behavior occurs simply by observing the behaviors of others.
Observational Learning
This occurs when there is suddenly a loud noise and you turn your head in the direction of the noise.
Orienting Reflex
This is the reflexive response that occurs when no learning has taken place.
Unconditioned Response
This occurs when the conditioned response (CR) occurs in response to a particular conditioned stimuli (CS) but it does not occur in response to other stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimuli (CS).
Stimulus Discrimination
This LAW states that in a given situation, behaviors that lead to positive, satisfying consequences will be strengthened, such that the next time the situation occurs, the behavior is more likely to be repeated.
The Law of Effect
OR
Thorndike's Law of Effect
This type of learning cannot be directly observed through behavior. It occurs without any obvious reinforcement. It is not shown until there is sufficient motivation
Latent Learning
This occurs when an organism (or human) begins to respond more intensely to a stimulus to which it was previously habituated.
Dishabituation
This element of classical conditioning is a stimulus that does not naturally elicit the unconditioned response.
Neutral Stimulus
This refers to the degree to which the NS/CS reliably signals that the US is going to be presented, resulting in the NS/CS becoming associated with the US.
Contingency
This addition of something pleasant enforces the next occurrence of the behavior.
(Child is quiet in the store; gets candy in the register line)
Positive Reinforcement
This uses operant conditioning to build a new behavior in an organism (or human) by reinforcing successive approximations of the desired response
Shaping
This type of therapy is a habituation-based therapy that is used to treat most people with PTSD. It repetitively exposes clients to fear-producing stimuli, therapists assist in helping them habituate to these anxiety-producing triggers and improve their quality of life.
Prolonged Exposure Therapy OR Exposure Therapy
After conditioning has occurred, the response that is elicited in the person (or animal) by the conditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Response
This refers to the degree to which the NS/CS and US occur close together in time.
Contiguity
The behavior is enforced by the removal of something unpleasant.
(No chores because of an A on the test)
Negative Reinforcement
This occurs when removing a classically conditioned response by conditioning a new, incompatible response to the unconditioned stimulus.
These TWO types of therapies may be helpful in treating people with anxiety disorders because they tend to lessen one's physiological response to stressors.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction & Cognitive Behavioral Therapies
This Psychologist was investigating the role that salivation plays in digestion when he discovered that the dogs associated experiment conditions with being presented with food. Eventually dogs began to salivate prior to having food presented.
AND
What type of learning has occurred?
Pavlov and Classical Conditioning
This occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented to the participant without also presenting the unconditioned stimulus--it is the removal of the conditioned response.
AND
This occurs at any point during (Answer 1) and is a temporary increase in the conditioned response
Extinction
AND
Spontaneous Recovery
This occurs when a behavior results in the addition of something unpleasant to the organism's environment.
(Did not study for test/did not pass test; has to study in front of mom and dad until next test)
AND
This occurs when the behavior leads to the removal of something pleasant.
(Did not study for test; no Ps5 until they pass their next test)
Positive Punishment
AND
Negative Punishment
This schedule of reinforcement in which the organism is reinforced for the first desired response in an average Xth interval of time.
AND
This schedule or reinforcement in which the organism is reinforced on average for every Xth instance of the desired response.
Variable Interval Schedule
AND
Variable Ratio Schedule