A
What letters represent the 4 bases?
A, T, G, C
three bases code for one ____
amino acid
When sequences of base pairs are copied incorrectly, they are called____
mutations
DNA is made of subunits called what?
nucleotides
what is a string of nucleotides called?
gene
Watson and Crick built a DNA model to look like a ______.
long, twisted ladder
Adenine and __ bases fit together
Thymine
Nucleotides are made of a sugar, phosphate, and a ____
base
Char gaffs rule state that the amount of ____ in DNA is always equal to the amount of guanine.
cytosine
what are the three types of mutation?
deletion, insertion, substitution
the sides of the DNA "ladder" are made of ____.
sugar and phosphates
the "rungs" of the DNA ladder are a pair of____
bases
Who first found out that DNA has a spiral shape?
Rosalind Franklin
Who discovered that the amount of adenine in DNA always equals the amount of thymine?
Erwin Chargaff
the pairing of bases allows cells to ____
replicate
a string of nucleotides that has instructions for a certain traits a _____
gene
to be copied, a DNA molecule splits how?
down the middle
In what type of mutation is one base left out?
deletion
What is the type of mutation where a base is added to the gene?
insertion
When scientist transfer genes from one organism to another, it is called___
genetic engineering
the "factory" that creates new proteins
ribosomes
the RNA that translates the messenger RNA message
Transfer RNA
the RNA that is a copy of part of a DNA strand
messenger RNA
the form of mutation were one base is replaced by another kind
substitution
Pairs of bases match up because they are _____ to each other.
complementary