glycolysis
glycolysis occurs in what part of the cell?
cytoplasm (cytosol)
what organelle does photosynthesis occur in
chloroplast
what is a substrate?
this molecule binds to an enzymes active site and goes through a chemical reaction
which stage of cellular respiration is the citric acid cycle?
What is stage 2.
This type of rxn is associated with a release of energy.
Spontaneous, exothermic.
what is the net gain of ATP
2
what is the role of the stomata here?
pores that allow CO2 to absorb and oxygen to release
what is activation energy?
enzymes speed reactions by lowering this energy barrier
Where does the citric acid cycle take place?
In the mitochondrion.
Energy coupling is using an ___ process to drive an ___ one.
exergonic, endergonic.
what is NAD+ and how does it function?
a molecule that accepts e- during glycolysis and carries them to the electron transport chain
what is the balanced equation for photosynthesis?
6 CO2+6H2O+ light energy-->C6H12O6+6O2
what is an induced fit?
an enzyme changing shape when a substrate binds to the site
Which stage of cellular respiration would be possible without the presence of oxygen?
Glycolysis
define bioenergetics.
the study of how organisms manage their energy resources.
what is pyruvate, and how many are of it in the final product?
the final product of glycolysis, 2
what are the responsibilities of the thylakoid membrane? name 3
light harvesting/reactions
creates proton gradient
electron transport chain
site of water splitting
how does saturation occur?
when all enzyme sites are occupied, the enzyme is saturated
In the absence of oxygen, in what two ways are ATP produced.
Anaerobic respiration, fermentation.
In a graph, when free energy in reactants is higher than that of the products, the rxn is an example of ___.
Catabolism
what are the major enzymes and what they do?
hexokinase- adds phosphate to glucose
phosphofructokinase- adds phosphate to fructose
pyruvate kinase-converts PEP to pyruvate
How does G3P function and what is it used by (light or dark)?
Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to produce G3P, which is a 3 carbon sugar and it is dark reaction
name 2 ways that enzymes active sites can lower Ea
substrate orientation
covalently bonding to the substrate
In the citric acid cycle, __ ATP are generated, along with ___ NADH, __ FADH2, and __ CO2.
(2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4CO2)
wha is ∆G
The enzyme made the reaction release more energy because it happened faster." Based on what we learned in Chapter 6, what energy term is the student confusing with activation energy?