Dada and Russian Constructivism
German Expressionism and
The Arbeitsrat Fur Kunst
Weimer Bauhaus
Dessau Bauhaus
The New Typography
100
By 1922, what movement led by van Doesburg had been essentially folded into the general concern for geometric form in the 1920s that goes under the name of International Constructivism?
What is De Stijl
100
Marxist principles
What is equality and justice
100
In what German town was an educational institution by the name of Kunstschule
What is Weimar
100
What was the name of the most famous sans serif experiment to come out of the Bauhaus?
What is Bayer's Universal
100
What did Jan Tschichold renounce as one of the most deadening elements of old typography?
What is symmetry
200
This was the slogan at the Berlin Dada exhibition in 1920.
What is "Art is Dead! Long Live the Machine Art of Tatlin!"
200
The used of what medium dates back to medieval prints that were an important sources of inspiration for the German Expressionist.
What is Woodcut
200
In April 1919, the Kunstgewerbeshule was run by what Belgian designer
What is Henry van de Velde
200
What was the most dramatic element of the Bauhaus structure, which was made of glass and encased the wing housing the workshops?
What is the "curtain wall"
200
This was the name of the loose group of graphic designers who used exhibitions in order to promote the constructivists aesthetic in the commercial realm.
What is Ring Neue Werbegestalter ("Circle of New Advertising Designers")
300
What is the main difference between International Constructivism and Russian Constructivism?
What is: Russian Constructivism is always associated with revolutionary communist ideology.
300
Who's Berlin gallery Der Sturm and journal by the same name helped to create a thriving scene for artists who portrayed subjective, emotional states of mind.
What is Herwarth Walden
300
The Staatliches Bauhaus ("National House of Building") Gropius indicated what conviction
What is the arts and crafts could best be synthesized through the example of architecture, the Gesamtkunstwerk
300
What was the term coined by Moholy-Nagy in 1925 that was a set of aesthetic principles that would govern the integration of typography and photography in graphic work?
What is Typophoto
300
What did asymmetry represent to Jan Tschichold, related to Dadaism?
What is controlled Dadaism
400
What country became the center of Constructivist thought?
What is Germany
400
What are two important themes renewed at the Arbeitsrat would reappear in Gropius later work
what is first, that the visual arts could play an instrumental role in the building of a new society; and, second, that architecture must assume a leadership role in the arts because it afforded the opportunity for the greatest aesthetic and social impact
400
Who is the teacher that used unconventional teaching techniques, such as breaking exercises, making him a favorite among the student body
Johannes Itten
400
Herbert Bayer was a new type of teacher called what?
What is a Jungmeister
400
If the “essence of the new typography is clarity” then why did its practitioners embrace sans serif type? GDQ #6
What is Tschichold along with the Bauhaus typographers believed it was indispensable, but for different reasons. The Bauhaus typographers believed that its simple clarity and impersonal character were the best match for photography-hence typophoto. Tschichold agreed and also believed that the modern photograph could only be complemented by the sans serif block. He also believed this was quite impersonal which was the most suitable rejoinder to the individuality expressed by the decorative old typography.
500
Cite some parallels that link Dada and Constructivism in Germany. GDQ #1
What is: The Constructivists and Dadaists both rejected taking on the role of the fine artist because of its association with conventional aesthetics. Also, the term "photomontage" actually originated with Berlin Dada, who indeed thought of themselves as "assemblers," and in German, a montage is an assembly.
500
Is an expressionist idiom somehow more appropriate as a vehicle for dark feelings than for other sentiments? Why or why not? #2 GDQ
What is I don’t think is a more appropriate vehicle for dark feelings than other sentiments because people are able to express themselves anyway they choose. However, I do think that expressionist used a language of feelings, creating a subjective sense of mood and atmosphere through their work. Expressionism is a style that generally focuses more on reproducing the way the world feels than how it looks, which is why I do think it maybe better than some sentiments but not the only one. The Cabinet of Dr Caligari is a good example of dramatic Expressionist scenery, complete with distorted, illogical spaces and exaggerated, spiky forms in order to express the tortured psyche of the narrator. Expressionists offered an alternative view heavily influenced by the destruction wrought by the machines during the Frist World War. For these artists, modern industrial society was a nightmarish place that portended a coming dystopia, or anti-utopia.
500
How did gender play itself out at the Bauhaus? Was the later machine aesthetic in some way demonstrably “masculine”? #4 GDQ
What is The majority of the students at the school were men, Gropius actively sought to exclude women from most media and especially from the exalted practice of architecture, generally restriction them to the weaving, pottery, and bookbinding shops. However, following the defeat in the First World War the Weimar Constitution had stipulated an end to gender discrimination in many aspects of German life including education. The relegation of women students to “feminine” practices reinforced the stereotype of “masculine” jobs. The weaving workshop played the largest role at the Bauhaus in women cares because of entrenched attitudes that prevented women from working in a full range of workshops. In 1927, Gunta Stolze became the first female artistic leader of Bauhaus workshops. Embracing the Machine Aesthetic, She introduced new modern materials, along with establishing some of the strongest links between a Bauhaus workshop and the industry.
500
How did different Bauhaus professors approach the political issues inherent in design work in Germany during the 1920s and early 1930s? Was the Bauhaus at its core an essentially conservative or liberal institution? GDQ #5
What is During the period of 1925-1928, Constructivist principles were largely "depoliticized" at the Bauhaus. It was necessary for the school's survival that it deemphasize the radical politics that had played a role in the adoption of Russian Constructivism. In later decades, the political commitments of many members of the faculty and student body would be written out of history. There was a political contradiction at the Bauhaus, which was the simultaneous embracing of communist ideology and an adoration of the capitalist industries that stood as icons of the modern machine age. Technological utopia is the idea that united these two contradictory beliefs. The Bauhaus was essentially a liberal institution because many of the right-wing conservatives were against them.
500
The members of the Ring and Bauhaus artists had this dilemma in common.
What is: knowing how to reconcile left-wing political ideology with the service of clients from the capitalist countries of Europe.
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