Southern Economy
What was the primary cash crop in the South during this period?
Cotton
What type of labor system was dominant in the North?
Free wage labor
Which Northern politician emphasized the importance of free labor over slavery?
Abraham Lincoln
What earlier transportation infrastructure supported trade in the North before railroads?
Canals
Southern plantations were heavily dependent on what type of labor system?
Slavery
What infrastructure project was vital for connecting Northern and Western markets?
Railroads
Which Southern politician defended slavery as essential to the Southern economy?
John C. Calhoun
How did technological advancements like railroads benefit Northern industries?
Reducing transportation costs and expanding markets
What cultural divide emerged from the differences between the North and South?
The moral conflict over slavery and free labor
Which two assets tied most of the South's wealth, making the economy less flexibly during crises?
Land and Enslaved People
Which industry in the North depended heavily on Southern cotton during this period?
Textile
What legislative compromise attempted to balance free and slave states in new territories?
Missouri Compromise
How would the introduction of railroads and canals influence the price of goods in the North and West during this period?
Making goods more affordable and accessible across regions
How did urbanization/progressiveness in the North during this period contribute to changes related to children?
More emphasis on educating children
Why was the Southern economy vulnerable to global market fluctuations?
Reliance on cotton exports
What financial institutions played a key role in funding Northern industrial expansion?
Banks
What famous quote did Lincoln deliver in this chapter?
A house divided against itself cannot stand
How did the South’s failure to invest in railroads disadvantage its economy compared to the North?
Limiting its ability to efficiently transport goods domestically and diversify its economy
How did Northern society use the breadwinner-homemaker model to define success and stability during this period
Emphasizing male breadwinners working in public jobs and women managing private domestic life
How did the Southern reliance on a monocultural economy hinder its ability to compete with the North?
The impact of lack of diversification and investment in industrialization
How did the Northern economy benefit from its diversified investments?
Greater flexibility and resilience during economic downturns
What Northern policy did Southern politicians oppose, as it protected industries rather than agriculture?
Protective Tariffs
What is a significant change that Chickering made that highlights the North's advancement in this period.
From being a small craftsman to industrial scale production.
How did Southern reliance on enslaved labor influence its social and cultural structure
Concentration of wealth and power among a small elite