A Moving Frontier
True or False: Most people in colonial Pennsylvania were farmers.
True
Name at least two different jobs that a craftsperson might have living in a town like Philadelphia.
What are carpenters, cabinetmakers, turners, wheelwrights, cartwrights, ironmasters, blacksmiths, pewterers, glassblowers, potters, weavers, tailors, cobblers, and coopers?
What is it called to trade one thing for another without using money?
The people who spent most of the day doing the cooking in colonial times.
Who were the women?
True or False: During colonial times it was easy to move goods over the mountains.
False
True or False: The frontier never reached Pittsburgh.
False
Name at least two important jobs of a fireplace.
What was giving light, cooking spot, and source of heat?
The place where a settled region ends and the wilderness begins.
What is a frontier?
Name at least two things men did on a colonial farm.
What are building the log cabins, planting and tending crops, heavy outside work like clearing rocks, cutting timber, plowing fields, building fences, hunting to provide meat?
A group of mules or horses that transport goods.
What is a pack train?
_______________ was for grinding grain into flour.
What is a gristmill?
Explain 2 steps in the process of making clothes.
1. Raise sheep to make wool or grow flax to make linen.
2. Flax had to be harvested/dried and then beaten (scutched) to separate the fibers. Sheep were sheared of wool and fibers were washed and carded to make them all go one way.
3. Spin the flax or wool into yarn or thread and dye the yarn/thread.
4. Weaving the yarn into cloth or knitting it.
5. Fabric was then used to sew into clothes.
A person who lives with a master craftsman to learn a trade.
Who was an apprentice?
Name three things women did at home on a farm.
What is taking care of babies, cooking meals, making & washing clothes, spinning thread, weaving cloth, making soap & candles, gardening, preserving food?
The people who made their living by selling and shipping goods. They would buy goods from farmers and sell them in town and buy goods from craftspeople and sell them in the country.
Who were merchants?
Since regular farm wagons were not handling the rough roads of PA, name what became the trailer truck of colonial times that was designed by some Germans in Lancaster county.
What was the Conestoga wagon?
Benjamin Franklin was a famous man in Pennsylvania. Name 2 things he was known for.
printer, writer, businessman, inventor, leader, patriot, first lending library, volunteer fire company and fire insurance, PA hospital, street paving, street lighting, street cleaning, cure for cold, signing Declaration of Independence and helped write Constitution.
Name materials used to make something else. Examples: wood, flax, wool, cotton, etc..
What were raw materials?
Name two different ways of preserving foods in colonial times to make them last longer.
What are drying foods, salting foods, smoking foods, pickling foods, storage for a few days in a cellar or spring house, churning milk into butter or cheese
The natural resources the colonists used to run their mills and to trade goods.
What were lakes and rivers?
This area was called the "Breadbasket of America" because its soil grew so much wheat, corn, and rye.
What is Lancaster County?
The name of the first women inventor ever recorded, the first American to get a patent from the king of England who invented a mill that used hammers to crush the corn and a new way to weave straw and palm leaves into hats.
Who was Sybilla Masters?
Many farmers would invite others over to help each other out in the process. The name of the parties held to separate the grains from the straw or seed covering.
What were threshing parties?
Name two things children did on a colonial farm.
Farm chores (feed hens, gather eggs, milk cows, weeding garden), work with mothers or fathers and learning farm tasks, some would go to school in winter, apprenticeships, played toys and games.
Explain how money helped the colonists trade.
What if a cobbler needed flour, but the miller did not need shoes? Or what if a printer wanted to build a new shop, but no carpenter needed 30,000 newspapers? Money could help people trade since it could be used to buy anything that was needed.