Definitions
True Or False
Learning is defined as knowledge acquired through experience, study, or being taught.
True
The experiment that showed that classical conditioning applied to humans after a child was presented with a white rat and showed no fear, then presented the rat with a loud bang that startled him. After the association of the rat and loud noise, the little boy was classicaly conditioned to experience fear at the sight of the rat.
Little Albert Experiment
The process of rewarding or reinforcing desirable behavior in order to increase the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated in the future is known as?
Positive reinforcement.
What is shaping?
The use of reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired behavior.
Instincts and reflexes are what type of behaviors that organisms are born with?
Innate Behaviors
Method or process wherein the learner associates a certain response to an object or a stimulus resulting in a positive or negative outcome is defined as?
Associative Learning
What is Banduras Bobo Doll Experiment?
Proved that children would copy and mimic an adult role models behavior.
The encouragement of certain behaviors by removing or avoiding a negative outcome or stimuli is known as?
Negative reinforcement.
What is punishment?
A consequence which reduces or aims to reduce the likelihood of a targeted and undesirable behavior from happening.
Operant conditioniong terminology:
1. Positive
2. Negative
3. Reinforcement
4. Punishment
A. To take something away.
B. Increasing a behavior.
C. Decreasing a behavior.
D. To add something.
Name the 3 behavioral approaches to learning.
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning
Match the psychologist with what they were known for.
1.Ivan Pavlov
2. John B. Watson
3. B.F Skinner
A. Theory was based on the cause of human behavior is something in a persons environment as well as the consequences of a behavior determine the possibility of it being repeated.
B. Focused not on the internal emotional and psychological conditions of people, but rather on their external and outward behaviors. Believed that a persons physical response provided the only insight into internal actions. Conducted the Little Albert Study.
C. Physiologists best known in psychology for his discovery of classical conditioning. Noted that animals salivated naturally upon the presentation of food. Demonstrated that animals can be conditioned to salivate to the sound of a tone.
True or false
1. Continuous reinforcement is a schedule in which the the desired target is rewarded only some of the time.
2. Partial reinforcement is the repeated reinforcement of a behavior every time it happens.
1. False
2. False
*Swap definitions then they'll each be true*
What are the two types of punishments and define them?
Positive punishment- something is added to decrease the likelihood of a behavior.
Negative punishment- something is removed to decrease the likelihood of a behavior.
True Or False
1. Unconditioned are unlearned responses.
2. Conditioned are learned responses.
1.True
2.True
Match the definition to the term
1. Operant Conditioning _____
2. Classical Conditioning _____
3. Observational Learning _____
A. The process of learning by watching the behaviors of others.
B. A form of learning in which the motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated. Receiving consequences after performing a certain behavior.
C. Behaviors learned by connecting a neutral stmulus with a positive one.
The theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and the same mental conditions are best treated by altering behavior patterns.
Behaviorism.
What are some examples of positive reinforcements?
High Grades
Paychecks
Praise
Shaping is a tool used in what type of conditioning?
Operant.
What does learning involve?
Acquiring skills/knowledge through experience and conscious and unconscious processes.
Match the term with the definition
1. Unlearned behaviors
2.Instincts
3. Reflexes
A. Behaviors triggered by a range of events.
B. A type of behavior that is natural and does not have to be learned.
C. Motor/Neutral reactions to specific stimulus.
Bonus.
True Or False
Modeling is learning by coping the behavior of someone else.
True
Define each term and give examples.
1.Primary Reinforcers
2.Secondary Reinforcers
1. A Biologically important stimulus to an organism. It leads to involuntary response.
ex: food, water, sleep, shelter, safety,
2. A stimulus reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforce.
ex: praise or money
True or False
In punishment, instead of rewarding only the target behavior, succesive approximations of a taret behavior is as well awarded.
False
In SHAPING.
Psychologist that discovered classical conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov