Reinforcers
What is a positive reinforcer?
Adding something to increase behavior
What is positive punishment?
Adding something to decrease behavior
What is classical conditioning?
Stimulus/experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired or associated with the behavior
What is a conditioned response?
A response caused by a conditioned stimulus
What is fixed ratio?
set number of responses must occur before a behavior is rewarded
What is a negatvie reinforcer?
Removing something to increase behavior
What is negative punishment?
Removing something to decrease behavior
What happened in the study with the rats and the sugar?
What is an unconditioned response?
Unlearned behavior to a given stimulus
What is variable interval?
Behavior is rewarded after unpredictable amounts of time have passed
What's an example of a primary reinforcer?
Innate reinforcing qualities (food, water, shelter, etc.)
What are some side effects of using punishment?
Fear, aggression, suppression (but not elimination) of behavior
What did the Little Albert study demonstrate?
Generalization!
What is unconditioned stimulus?
A stimulus that elicits a reflexive response
What is fixed interval?
Behavior is rewarded after a set amount of time
What is a secondary reinforcer?
A stimulus that has reinforcing power by association with a primary reinforcer (can buy food with money, etc.)
What is operant conditioning?
Stimulus/experience happens after the behavior is demonstrated
What is generalization?
Demonstrating the conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus
What is conditioned stimulus?
A stimulus that elicits a response due to its being paired with an unconditioned stimulus
What is taste aversion?
Conditioning where an interval of several hours may pass between the conditioned stimulus (something ingested) and the unconditioned stimulus (the taste associated with the nausea or illness). Unique because of one time conditioning
What is a variable ratio?
Number of responses differ before behavior is rewarded
Tell me in depth (unconditional stimulus, etc.) about The Office clip
US: Altoid UR: Tingling/bad taste CS: Microsoft Reboot Sound CR:Tingling/bad taste
Tell me in depth (unconditional stimulus, etc.) about Pavlov's study
US: Food UR: Salivation CS: Bell/tone CR: Salivation
What is aversive conditioning?
Pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior
What is counterconditioning?
A person learns a new response to a stimulus that previously elicited an undesirable behavior