Cognitive Factors in Learning and classical conditioning
The PQ4R Method: Learning to learn and operant conditioning
Miscellaneous
100
a type of learning that involves stimulus- response connections, in which the response is conditional on the stimulus
What is conditioning
100
a stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response
What is reinforcements
100
learning that occurs but remains hidden until there is a need to use it
What is latent learning
100
learning that occurs regularly and is distributed over time
What is distributed learning
100
stimuli that increase the probability of a response because of their association with a primary reinforcer
What is secondary reinforcers
200
a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit an unconditioned response when that neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that normally causes an unconditioned response
what is classical conditioning
200
in operant conditioning, a procedure in which reinforcement guides behavior toward closer approximations of the desired goal
What is shaping
200
learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others
What is observational learning
200
learning that does not occur regularly but occurs all at one time
What is massed learning
200
encouraging stimuli that increase the frequency of a behavior when they are presented
What is positive reinforcers
300
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits an unlearned, automatic response
What is unconditioned conditioning
300
in operant conditioning, a procedure in which reinforcement guides behavior toward closer approximations of the desired goal
What is chaining
300
a type of classical conditioning in which a previously desirable or neutral food comes to be perceived as repugnant because it is associated with negative stimulation
What is taste aversion
300
the reinforcement of a desired response every time it occurs
What is continuous reinforcement
300
a therapy procedure based on classical conditioning that replaces a negative response to a stimulus with a positive response
What is counterconditioning
400
in classical conditioning, the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus
What is extinction
400
a type of conditioned learning in which only some of the responses are reinforced
What is partial reinforcements
400
a type of counterconditioning, used to treat phobias, in which a pleasant, relaxed state is associated with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
What is systematic desensitization
400
a timetable for when and how often reinforcement for a particular behavior occurs
What is schedule of reinforcement
400
the tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics
What is generalization
500
(1) in classical conditioning, the ability to distinguish the conditioned stimulus from other stimuli that are similar (2) unfair treatment of a person or group based on prejudice
What is discrimination
500
unpleasant stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior when they are removed
What is negative reinforcers
500
a previously neutral stimulus that, because of pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, now causes a conditioned response
What is conditioned stimulus
500
stimuli, such as food or warmth, that have reinforcement value without learning
What is primary reinforcement
500
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits an unlearned, automatic response